tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49001359802186131002024-03-01T17:07:20.744-08:00Women Out West: Art on the Left CoastDr. Viki Sonstegardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11802292306245900882noreply@blogger.comBlogger128125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4900135980218613100.post-83258020430833844252023-10-21T13:39:00.000-07:002023-10-21T13:39:06.998-07:00Mary Colter: Innovative Architect and Designer <b><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhj8rl48qryjpYJD7X07UsDvZynrrupCFyrT8pZCWfrRbLbq83yt_PVZgjz4D-EMA2U3OUUEP1AVEWU7C1NrCWbL6JeWprmiiJOULcuFsYWn7_bNU5xKrhLfP782xUg73gIRP9HCZTWzBuBlmTdqS5Ea1kLApg1QvnT1LnvYVi6jlW68RfJ3SCFxQ2XwNcy/s345/220px-Mary_Elizabeth_Jane_Colter.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="345" data-original-width="220" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhj8rl48qryjpYJD7X07UsDvZynrrupCFyrT8pZCWfrRbLbq83yt_PVZgjz4D-EMA2U3OUUEP1AVEWU7C1NrCWbL6JeWprmiiJOULcuFsYWn7_bNU5xKrhLfP782xUg73gIRP9HCZTWzBuBlmTdqS5Ea1kLApg1QvnT1LnvYVi6jlW68RfJ3SCFxQ2XwNcy/s320/220px-Mary_Elizabeth_Jane_Colter.jpg" width="204" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Mary Colter</b><br /><span style="font-size: x-small;">1869-1958</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br />Mary Elizabeth Jane Colter</b> was an architect and designer, one of the very few female architects in her day. She was also the chief architectural designer and interior decorator for the Fred Harvey Company from 1902 to 1948 and designed a number of buildings for the Santa Fe Railroad, notably in Grand Canyon National Park. <div><br /></div><div><div>Born in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, her family moved to Colorado and Texas before settling down in St. Paul, Minnesota when she was 11 years old. She was clear about her desire to be an artist and was heavily influenced by Native American art from the large Sioux community that lived in the area. At fourteen, she graduated from high school and, after the death of her father in 1886, Colter left to study art and design at the California School of Design (now the San Francisco Art Institute) during which time she apprenticed at a local architectural firm to help fund her studies. </div><div><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #202122;">In 1901, Minnie Harvey Huckel helped Colter land a summer job as an interior designer with her family's </span>Fred Harvey Company<span style="background-color: white; color: #202122;"> (operator of the famous railstop Harvey House restaurants) for the Indian Building at the Alvarado Hotel in Albuquerque</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #202122;"> (sadly, since demolished).</span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #202122;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #202122;"><br /></span></span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJgSb4Q4yC5J26ZKSNEuxcCfqN50r3l5_nz2vk5vxARbuGms0KU6WKhVVV4yWq8HBghNHtXmXWGKy6jdCE4GkeYOdOl9OcAya9o01XJRoHNotD6lQBO6zse7hya7_2At4abvpe_gzspZF09Adwv3D5GJ2cl5GqioD-SG-bKhE2uO890dQiziRcQICfHTUZ/s500/AlvaradoHotel.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="318" data-original-width="500" height="267" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJgSb4Q4yC5J26ZKSNEuxcCfqN50r3l5_nz2vk5vxARbuGms0KU6WKhVVV4yWq8HBghNHtXmXWGKy6jdCE4GkeYOdOl9OcAya9o01XJRoHNotD6lQBO6zse7hya7_2At4abvpe_gzspZF09Adwv3D5GJ2cl5GqioD-SG-bKhE2uO890dQiziRcQICfHTUZ/w418-h267/AlvaradoHotel.jpg" width="418" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Mary Colter</b><br />Alvarado Hotel<br />Albuquerque, New Mexico<br />1901</td></tr></tbody></table><div><br /></div><div><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #202122;">Colter began to work full-time for the company in 1910, moving from interior designer to architect and for the next 38 years, Colter served as chief architect and decorator for the Fred Harvey Company</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #202122; text-wrap: nowrap;">. </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #202122;">As one of the country's few female architects – and arguably the most outstanding – Colter worked in often rugged conditions to complete 21 landmark hotels, commercial lodges, and public spaces for the Fred Harvey Company, by then being run by the founder's sons.</span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="color: #202122;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="color: #202122;">As the West became more accessible, Native American craftspeople were successfully selling their arts and crafts at railroad stops. Seeing an opportunity to expand their business, the Harvey company commissioned Colter to design the Hopi House, a dedicated marketplace for Native American arts and crafts next to the El Tovar Hotel on the South Rim, creating a building that would fit into the natural setting and reflect the region's history. </span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="color: #202122;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: times;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLKRDd2UJQFx1SGiSnVk1ZIyODRnFF8GZKSYTqAK7ZRyR_Y0Fi8vGYVUfh6Sgj5dzRsd-_XTIdNfZGsjHGjLZ_NwZNG3lMvatQ0jWZXwX8Zak5y330E3vvPmU3Ehydz_V6eqmn48iZtISCHHKsYr8JdvvqdZOUQpt-URR_tqjM-0YZlZEbi-R0v55X4KfZ/s300/GrandCanyonHopiHouse-nps-300.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="208" data-original-width="300" height="252" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLKRDd2UJQFx1SGiSnVk1ZIyODRnFF8GZKSYTqAK7ZRyR_Y0Fi8vGYVUfh6Sgj5dzRsd-_XTIdNfZGsjHGjLZ_NwZNG3lMvatQ0jWZXwX8Zak5y330E3vvPmU3Ehydz_V6eqmn48iZtISCHHKsYr8JdvvqdZOUQpt-URR_tqjM-0YZlZEbi-R0v55X4KfZ/w363-h252/GrandCanyonHopiHouse-nps-300.jpg" width="363" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Mary Colter</b><br />Hopi House<br />Grand Canyon, Arizona<br />ca 1905<br /><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="color: #202122;">The Hopi House is patterned after Hopi dwellings in Oraibi, Arizona and built by Hopi craftsmen constructed using local materials and salvaged items such as Civil War-era Western Union telegraph poles and rails. This is just one of the many buildings she designed and had constructed in the Grand Canyon which also includes t</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #202122;">he 1914</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #202122;"> </span>Hermit's Rest<span style="background-color: white; color: #202122;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #202122;">and observatory</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #202122;"> </span>Lookout Studio<span style="background-color: white; color: #202122;">, and the 1932</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #202122;"> </span>Desert View Watchtower<span style="background-color: white; color: #202122;">, a 70-foot-tall (21 m) rock tower with a hidden steel structure, as well as the 1935</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #202122;"> </span>Bright Angel Lodge<span style="background-color: white; color: #202122;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #202122;">complex, and the 1922</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #202122;"> </span>Phantom Ranch<span style="background-color: white; color: #202122;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #202122;">buildings at the bottom of the canyon.<span style="font-size: 13.3333px; text-wrap: nowrap;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #202122;">Colter also decorated, but did not design, the park's</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #202122;"> </span>El Tovar Hotel<span style="background-color: white; color: #202122;">. </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #202122;">She also designed the 1936 Victor Hall for men, and the 1937 Colter Hall, a dormitory for Fred Harvey's women employees. </span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #202122;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: times;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZ6CYFn7RjjSqL9PqJO2D-kmZJDQBSZhMeHmIP1q3trZbAxTjGDCwrWhgQjCMLmHk5uluRBP6Dt4BM2fefGPW839DKi6F9EPUjCVBu5EU1WrNa_sQ5dDRlbTyTyx4PqC55pIMlpCFaeLduOJSUKqzFYfVKUU5Cf4C-81GT4NCLBX2_XGWKwHeNBENdo0L8/s227/170px-Yavapai_Observation_Station.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="227" data-original-width="170" height="305" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZ6CYFn7RjjSqL9PqJO2D-kmZJDQBSZhMeHmIP1q3trZbAxTjGDCwrWhgQjCMLmHk5uluRBP6Dt4BM2fefGPW839DKi6F9EPUjCVBu5EU1WrNa_sQ5dDRlbTyTyx4PqC55pIMlpCFaeLduOJSUKqzFYfVKUU5Cf4C-81GT4NCLBX2_XGWKwHeNBENdo0L8/w228-h305/170px-Yavapai_Observation_Station.jpg" width="228" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Mary Colter</b><br />Desert View Watchtower<br />Grand Canyon, Arizona<br />ca 1932<br /><br /></td></tr></tbody></table></span></div><div><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #202122;">Colter produced commercial architecture with striking décor, floorplans with flow calculated for a good user experience and a playful sense of the dramatic.</span></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: times;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgu1_umLLMZapHL5nDQk8jt9gSnwjYAyzwHMx6iYa3SrUjZVVhfTr8fEWjCHn8nBOyHM6SAGtIIaeJKd_FvTot3ZYuYmh5HSCfaXk1JPgcO4Fn5jA-3HB_Crq2fuPbGvbi8v_v-gnB082AqJDAkwaVAJuz_hbeodCIGkXCE4MBRzteEc6Gf_bw2F3ZGDrdq/s504/Phantomranch.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="378" data-original-width="504" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgu1_umLLMZapHL5nDQk8jt9gSnwjYAyzwHMx6iYa3SrUjZVVhfTr8fEWjCHn8nBOyHM6SAGtIIaeJKd_FvTot3ZYuYmh5HSCfaXk1JPgcO4Fn5jA-3HB_Crq2fuPbGvbi8v_v-gnB082AqJDAkwaVAJuz_hbeodCIGkXCE4MBRzteEc6Gf_bw2F3ZGDrdq/s320/Phantomranch.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Mary Colter</b><br />Phantom Ranch<br />Grand Canyon Floor, Arizona<br />ca 1932<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQwf1Y5jdlC66dET-eI3isM-oghL2B1ZhlQq6ynRN0VXmbY_z9O4Rki5x_LZ7B6DBVvPqXxY2h6LVgL6IpGdyfhtCoEWy-5YB8J7VPMWGMv6ZPS1fIpQTgTUd_QgjA1_TaUODY9bcbzDcGhKSXvb2ZfHqWPLgKPlv5oNv8oq_YcYktST_xuy41MgsuxmUB/s1440/Phantomranchbandw.webp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1125" data-original-width="1440" height="318" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQwf1Y5jdlC66dET-eI3isM-oghL2B1ZhlQq6ynRN0VXmbY_z9O4Rki5x_LZ7B6DBVvPqXxY2h6LVgL6IpGdyfhtCoEWy-5YB8J7VPMWGMv6ZPS1fIpQTgTUd_QgjA1_TaUODY9bcbzDcGhKSXvb2ZfHqWPLgKPlv5oNv8oq_YcYktST_xuy41MgsuxmUB/w407-h318/Phantomranchbandw.webp" width="407" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Mary Colter</b><br />Phantom Ranch<br />Grand Canyon Floor, Arizona<br />ca 1932<br /><br /><div style="text-align: left;">As per Colter’s approach to design, the site dictated the materials: rocks and boulders from the area were gathered and used in the creation of the buildings. Everything else—quite literally, from doors to windows and everything in between—had to be hauled down by mule. Cleeland says nothing could be longer than the length of a mule because of the trail’s tight turns and switchbacks. She adds that upon close inspection of the Phantom Ranch buildings, one can identify where rafters and beams were spliced together.</div><br />“The remoteness of [this project] necessitated an attention to material and resource efficiency that anticipated today’s sustainable approach to materials in design and construction,” <br /><em style="text-align: start;">Construction History</em><span style="text-align: start;"><span style="font-family: "open sans", sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px;"> </span>notes.</span><br /><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr></tbody></table></span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: times;">Colter's creative, free-form buildings at Grand Canyon took direct inspiration from the landscape and served as part of the basis of the developing artistic aesthetic for appropriate development in areas that became national parks. </span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; font-family: times;"><br /></span></div><div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBtDM-iRFigEc4iGPBrlfs3r_kEZhdgwC_DCE4spe5go9Mp4sOaZFUXsePIq49-ssD0BQhZJmvN7c_D79iAxgefSCfNw-48cDRZTUl1aO69y4XTNzLCrclKwfloXeKCCX6yBKdP0UghnCKZ7YoGVe6wwCVsn1O2-3j7Hj_rAgp2fvmr033GunixIW1M2D2/s1000/41778e_fff325061d894bd79205cf6721502244~mv2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="750" data-original-width="1000" height="287" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBtDM-iRFigEc4iGPBrlfs3r_kEZhdgwC_DCE4spe5go9Mp4sOaZFUXsePIq49-ssD0BQhZJmvN7c_D79iAxgefSCfNw-48cDRZTUl1aO69y4XTNzLCrclKwfloXeKCCX6yBKdP0UghnCKZ7YoGVe6wwCVsn1O2-3j7Hj_rAgp2fvmr033GunixIW1M2D2/w383-h287/41778e_fff325061d894bd79205cf6721502244~mv2.jpg" width="383" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b style="font-family: times;">Mary Colter</b><br style="font-family: times;" /><span style="font-family: times;">La Posada Hotel</span><br style="font-family: times;" /><span style="font-family: times;">Winslow, Arizona<br /></span>Route 66<br style="font-family: times;" /><span style="font-family: times;">ca 1930<br /><br /></span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsAysI0U1HJEwoPz4_xKFwMToKmIgJagqFarUPZRZeJsOhR264-FQKUeSe4bPrZuYAWMF0pFLk5C4xIzmEnSCde267Q-LoemrTWgjSQpyAhXKs0UOiqCTIaJwHnPaIR2uYFaanrP3Ox6LhhZDVhfxmwq_-2qyJoKMsyD1jRv2c3gjH99RxKqK6P2o-jxS5/s800/Harvey-Girls-Reunion-Credit-La-Posada-Hotel.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="567" data-original-width="800" height="294" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsAysI0U1HJEwoPz4_xKFwMToKmIgJagqFarUPZRZeJsOhR264-FQKUeSe4bPrZuYAWMF0pFLk5C4xIzmEnSCde267Q-LoemrTWgjSQpyAhXKs0UOiqCTIaJwHnPaIR2uYFaanrP3Ox6LhhZDVhfxmwq_-2qyJoKMsyD1jRv2c3gjH99RxKqK6P2o-jxS5/w415-h294/Harvey-Girls-Reunion-Credit-La-Posada-Hotel.jpg" width="415" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b style="font-family: times;">Mary Colter</b><br style="font-family: times;" /><span style="font-family: times;">La Posada Hotel<br /></span>Harvey Girls Reunion<br style="font-family: times;" /><span style="font-family: times;">Winslow, Arizona<br /></span>Route 66<br style="font-family: times;" /><span style="font-family: times;">ca 1930</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div><span style="background-color: white; font-family: times;">Mary Colter declared that the 1930 La Posada Hotel was her masterpiece. She was architect and designer for the entire resort from the buildings, acres of gardens, the furniture, china, even the uniforms worn by the maids. The Spanish Colonial Revival building in Winslow, Arizona has been called "the last great railroad hotel built in America." The hotel closed in 1957, cusing Colter to remark, "There is such a thing as living too long." After being used and as office building for the Santa Fe Railroad in the 1960, it stood empty until it was bought by Allen Affeidt and his wife Tina Mion who refurbished and reopened it on its original location on Rout 66. It is now listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; font-family: times;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="background-color: white;">Shortly before her retirement, Colter took on the renovation of the Painted Desert Inn located in Arizona's Petrified Forest National Park. The 1922 inn had been renovated by the Civilian Conservation Corps workers to the Mission Revival style using local materials and Native American Southwestern motifs. Mary Colter supervised bringing in a new color scheme and commissioned Hopi artist Fred Kabotie to add murals to the dining areas. She had plate glass window installed to modernize and allow views of the gorgeous scenery. The inn was slated to be demolished in 1963 however, it survived and was placed on the National Register of Historic places in 1987. Restored to the way it appeared in 1949 after Colter's redesign, it serves as a museum today.</span></span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; font-family: times;"><br /></span></div><div><br /></div><div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1BItfe3CdqQFhyphenhyphenzKx6ziF-ywrso6Dx6DegisFOx4Jn7tTR9DGXFzRWwnB1djB1dfdezO1mLOFTD0AtoZiUIRzox63X9_gSfFLWtxjCYGQ65r7d00-BQrYAZl2UCfc6kcmcEel5ngYt3lUFEtdqcuua3kkNreUGeQBfimkPJg6EG6nsdWQsss3Xy8lpmna/s700/PaintedDesertInn-700.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="469" data-original-width="700" height="279" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1BItfe3CdqQFhyphenhyphenzKx6ziF-ywrso6Dx6DegisFOx4Jn7tTR9DGXFzRWwnB1djB1dfdezO1mLOFTD0AtoZiUIRzox63X9_gSfFLWtxjCYGQ65r7d00-BQrYAZl2UCfc6kcmcEel5ngYt3lUFEtdqcuua3kkNreUGeQBfimkPJg6EG6nsdWQsss3Xy8lpmna/w417-h279/PaintedDesertInn-700.jpg" width="417" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b style="font-family: times;">Mary Colter</b><br style="font-family: times;" /><span style="font-family: times;">Painted Desert Inn<br /></span>Petrified Forest National Park<br style="font-family: times;" /><span style="font-family: times;">Northwestern Arizona<br />Photo by Kathy Alexander<br /></span><span style="font-family: times;">ca 1949</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /></div><div><p style="background-color: white; margin: 0.5em 0px;"><span style="font-family: times;">Mary Colter worked with Pueblo Revival architecture, Spanish Colonial Revival architecture, Mission Revival architecture, Streamline Moderne, American Craftsman, and Arts and Crafts Movement styles, often synthesizing several together evocatively. Colter's work is credited with inspiring the Pueblo Deco style.</span></p><span style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: times;">In 1987, the</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: times;"> </span><span style="font-family: times;">Mary Jane Colter Buildings</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: times;">, as a group, were listed as a</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: times;"> </span><span style="font-family: times;">National Historic Landmark</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: times;">.</span><br /><br />For more info about this wildly creative and remarkable artist and designer, visit: </div><div><a href="https://www.nps.gov/articles/marycolter.htm">https://www.nps.gov/articles/marycolter.htm</a></div><div><br /><br />Sources___________________________________________________________</div><div>Legends of America, https://www.legendsofamerica.com/mary-colter/, retrieved October 21, 2023</div><div>National Park Service, https://www.nps.gov/articles/marycolter.htm, retrieved October 21, 2023</div><div>On the Corner of History: La Posada Hotel in Winslow, Arizona, https://passionpassport.com/on-the-corner-of-history-la-posada-hotel-in-winslow-az/, retrieved October 21, 2023</div><div>Arizona Women's Hall of Fame, https://www.azwhf.org/copy-of-vernell-myers-coleman-1, retrieved October 21, 2023</div><div>AFAR, Alex Pulaski, June 14, 2022, https://www.afar.com/magazine/grand-canyon-architect-mary-colter-buildings, retrieved October 21, 2023</div><div>Smithsonian Magazine, Zachary Petit, https://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/the-grand-canyons-phantom-ranch-turns-100-this-year-180980602/, retrieved October 21, 2023<br /><br /></div></div>Dr. Viki Sonstegardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11802292306245900882noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4900135980218613100.post-63724789407075005722023-10-03T14:02:00.003-07:002023-10-03T14:02:49.315-07:00Mildred Bryant Brooks: Etcher Extraordinaire <p><strong style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"><span style="font-family: Lobster Two; font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></strong></p><p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlk43CGyYaM6qbTVqEeKpJH4Kd04nQUo6-j16-DASjlB7MleS-TgpnwqQZaPce6BzdfFXH1-v3ZJXac6hXAru7TJgYhgZrk6Pmg4qoBkV8Btnl7a8SYXG3kKGDKPPnRPdu2_TFcYYzSDMqo-bjWKRrWHtb-eoobkG4tLGbLPRfP82qKnOyKl8Aifg8W3vA/s635/MildredBryantBrooks.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="632" data-original-width="635" height="330" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlk43CGyYaM6qbTVqEeKpJH4Kd04nQUo6-j16-DASjlB7MleS-TgpnwqQZaPce6BzdfFXH1-v3ZJXac6hXAru7TJgYhgZrk6Pmg4qoBkV8Btnl7a8SYXG3kKGDKPPnRPdu2_TFcYYzSDMqo-bjWKRrWHtb-eoobkG4tLGbLPRfP82qKnOyKl8Aifg8W3vA/w331-h330/MildredBryantBrooks.jpg" width="331" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Mildred Bryant Brooks</b><br />1901-1995</td></tr></tbody></table></p><p><strong style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"><span style="font-family: Lobster Two; font-size: x-large;">M</span></strong><span style="font-family: times;"><strong style="background-color: white; color: #222222;">ildred Bryant Brooks</strong><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222;">, printmaker, teacher and lecturer, was born in Marysville, Missouri on July 21, 1901. Her father, J. Jay Brooks was president of Tri-State College (now university)before settling with her mother, Millie, in Long Beach, California. </span></span></p><p><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: times;">Brooks, influenced by her mother, an amateur painter, pursued a career in art at the University of Southern California following graduation from high school in 1931. While at university, she married Don J. Brooks in 1924 and during her last two years was a part-time student and part-time instructor. She also attended Chouinard and Otis art institutes.</span></span></p><p><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: times;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjawGYiY2wZ53tkslPG96eR_sV1Mgat85g-jgtCW6Roq-SPIob18O8aoDPgD6-k7CwtaZCGat4g0RwED1RwGf9JEiA0dVOgcYazXLWGtrSwBmFoAM4mPQUGS-aiA7gvGWiN2vYixyvKaWqfOf7FBG3C1IUPDgmtWYMrQyqR2tHS6ni4mcOxo2x3RJJlHPL2" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1959" data-original-width="2600" height="305" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjawGYiY2wZ53tkslPG96eR_sV1Mgat85g-jgtCW6Roq-SPIob18O8aoDPgD6-k7CwtaZCGat4g0RwED1RwGf9JEiA0dVOgcYazXLWGtrSwBmFoAM4mPQUGS-aiA7gvGWiN2vYixyvKaWqfOf7FBG3C1IUPDgmtWYMrQyqR2tHS6ni4mcOxo2x3RJJlHPL2=w405-h305" width="405" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mildred Bryant Brooks<br /></b><i>Moods</i><br />ca. 1935<br />Dry point and aquatint on paper<br />9<span style="text-align: start;"> x </span><span class="numbers" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: start;">11</span><span style="text-align: start;"> </span><span class="numerator" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 0; margin-top: -0.25rem; position: relative; text-align: start; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="numbers" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid; box-sizing: border-box;">7</span></span><span style="text-align: start;">⁄</span><span class="denominator" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid; bottom: -0.25em; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 0; margin-top: -0.25rem; position: relative; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="numbers" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid; box-sizing: border-box;">8</span></span><span style="text-align: start;"> in.</span><br />Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.</td></tr></tbody></table></span></span></p><p><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: times;">After starting her family, Brooks fulfilled a long-held desire to learn etching and studied with Arthur Miller, an artist and art critic for the <i>Los Angeles Times</i>. During the years between 1935 and the early 1960s she was also an artist in residence at Pomona College (1946), an instructor at the Los Angeles County Art Institute (1952 and 1954), and a lecturer on etching. When her eyesight began to fail, Brooks began to paint murals and worked on interior design where she lived in South Pasadena. </span></span></p><p><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: times;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhu1FUS8ffbzi90n0dP_2jT8dAMceuWS0ykCSC3ivUHxsWJ80a-A2LDvw73OX2PUDDtaduLIuQGn4zIdcHT08eCWScxHJEDid-evgBWu66TaM6fYAHTymIUyaQyAn3O_L6dF3JRPaSo-bqNenIsO_60-MiKIj9vIWEg7CLALRIxQ5ZiCT-5GKS1IlZ0iZke" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="348" data-original-width="640" height="270" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhu1FUS8ffbzi90n0dP_2jT8dAMceuWS0ykCSC3ivUHxsWJ80a-A2LDvw73OX2PUDDtaduLIuQGn4zIdcHT08eCWScxHJEDid-evgBWu66TaM6fYAHTymIUyaQyAn3O_L6dF3JRPaSo-bqNenIsO_60-MiKIj9vIWEg7CLALRIxQ5ZiCT-5GKS1IlZ0iZke=w495-h270" width="495" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mildred Bryant Brooks<br /></b><i>The Pines of Monterey</i><br />ca. 1935<br />Dry point on paper<br />Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.</td></tr></tbody></table></span></span></p><p>In 1936, Miller wrote that Brooks made "America's best etching of trees." Over the years, Mildred Bryant Brooks produced trees as well as studies of California's deserts, mountains, and other compelling landscapes. She was the recipient of 22 national and international awards. Her exhibitions were in shows for the California Printmakers (of which she was president 8 times) and she also hung works in exhibitions of the Society of American Etchers, New York, Library of Congress, Laguna Beach Art Association, and Paris International. Her one person events were held at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C. (1936), and the Laguna Art Museum (1975)</p><p><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"><span style="font-family: times;">Mildred Bryant Brooks died in Santa Barbara, California on July 3, 1995.</span></span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh33YHtzpGGSkziPeJt6PBZ_dJ7bs_JdsF0JYvn4aT7RXrTYpEuLOtNUAgAKsAZ1I_EoQ4hrzQmcLJNtXNd18w6grFfIt3nB5bNBxb9IS1c4xTpeRzyygOKQh49cUz6PB2WJC9LUrbe-G3WnnFkfwfz-osS_4Fh3ju5w4guTrO5U4WubjRc0WtWcwVylpmr" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="3514" data-original-width="2600" height="353" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh33YHtzpGGSkziPeJt6PBZ_dJ7bs_JdsF0JYvn4aT7RXrTYpEuLOtNUAgAKsAZ1I_EoQ4hrzQmcLJNtXNd18w6grFfIt3nB5bNBxb9IS1c4xTpeRzyygOKQh49cUz6PB2WJC9LUrbe-G3WnnFkfwfz-osS_4Fh3ju5w4guTrO5U4WubjRc0WtWcwVylpmr=w262-h353" width="262" /></a></div><p></p><div style="text-align: left;"><b style="background-color: white; text-align: center;"><br /></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b style="background-color: white; text-align: center;"><br /></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b style="background-color: white; text-align: center;"><br /></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b style="background-color: white; text-align: center;"><br /></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b style="background-color: white; text-align: center;"><br /></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b style="background-color: white; text-align: center;"><br /></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b style="background-color: white; text-align: center;"><br /></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b style="background-color: white; text-align: center;"><br /></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b style="background-color: white; text-align: center;"><br /></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b style="background-color: white; text-align: center;"><br /></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b style="background-color: white; text-align: center;"><br /></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b style="background-color: white; text-align: center;">Mildred Bryant Brooks<br /></b><span style="background-color: white; font-family: times; text-align: center;"><i>My Friends</i><br /></span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: times; text-align: center;">ca. 1935</span><br /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: times;">Etching on paper</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: times;">11 </span><span style="font-family: times;">7⁄</span><span class="denominator" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid; bottom: -0.25em; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: times; line-height: 0; margin-top: -0.25rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="numbers" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid; box-sizing: border-box;">8</span></span><span style="font-family: times;"> </span><span style="font-family: times;">x </span><span class="numbers" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: times;">8</span><span style="font-family: times;"> </span><span class="numerator" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: times; line-height: 0; margin-top: -0.25rem; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="numbers" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid; box-sizing: border-box;">7</span></span><span style="font-family: times;">⁄</span><span class="denominator" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid; bottom: -0.25em; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: times; line-height: 0; margin-top: -0.25rem; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="numbers" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid; box-sizing: border-box;">8</span></span><span style="font-family: times;"> in</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: times; text-align: center;">Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.</span></div><p><br /></p><p><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"></span></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhODGywMAqXxZ2hYjpy5vtJ4rrAovIBA-v4SBT838WSK81JbmTzDghoGhYh_uZbwpx0L32nNx-g8J-3vGZDFn04OjYIfkCNcTyAxibf2a-PU4REEVi3sIpLRBb3uWjDcjqkcObEnI6ozxtyPTVHS8bLlye8ApivcIOD_NtOQi1yi77DjpwNQryszxg2NSC9" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="3075" data-original-width="2600" height="364" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhODGywMAqXxZ2hYjpy5vtJ4rrAovIBA-v4SBT838WSK81JbmTzDghoGhYh_uZbwpx0L32nNx-g8J-3vGZDFn04OjYIfkCNcTyAxibf2a-PU4REEVi3sIpLRBb3uWjDcjqkcObEnI6ozxtyPTVHS8bLlye8ApivcIOD_NtOQi1yi77DjpwNQryszxg2NSC9=w308-h364" width="308" /></a></span></div><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br /></span></span></span></p><p><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br /></span></span></span></p><p><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br /></span></span></span></p><p><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br /></span></span></span></p><p><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br /></span></span></span></p><p><br /></p><div><div style="text-align: right;"><b style="background-color: white; text-align: center;">Mildred Bryant Brooks</b></div><span style="background-color: white; font-family: times; text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: right;"><i>Last Tree</i></div></span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: times; text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: right;">ca. n.d.</div></span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: times;"><div style="text-align: right;">Etching on paper</div></span></div><div style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: times;"><span class="numbers" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: start;">10</span><span style="text-align: start;"> </span><span class="numerator" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 0; margin-top: -0.25rem; position: relative; text-align: start; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="numbers" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid; box-sizing: border-box;">7</span></span><span style="text-align: start;">⁄</span><span class="denominator" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid; bottom: -0.25em; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 0; margin-top: -0.25rem; position: relative; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="numbers" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid; box-sizing: border-box;">8</span></span><span style="text-align: start;"> x </span><span class="numbers" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: start;">9</span><span style="text-align: start;"> </span><span class="numerator" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 0; margin-top: -0.25rem; position: relative; text-align: start; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="numbers" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid; box-sizing: border-box;">1</span></span><span style="text-align: start;">⁄</span><span class="denominator" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid; bottom: -0.25em; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 0; margin-top: -0.25rem; position: relative; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="numbers" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid; box-sizing: border-box;">2</span></span><span style="text-align: start;"> in.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: right;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: times; text-align: center;">Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.</span></div><div style="text-align: right;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: times; text-align: center;"><br /></span></div><p><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br /></span></span></span></p><p><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: times; font-size: x-small;">Sources_____________________________________________________________________________</span></span></p><p><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: times; font-size: x-small;">An Encyclopedia of Women Artists of the American West, Phil Kovinick and Marian Yoshiki-Kovinick. University of Texas Press, Austin. 1998. Pages 32-33.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-small;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #222222;">SAAM, Smithsonian American Art Institution and Renwick Gallery, </span></span><span style="color: #222222;">https://americanart.si.edu/artist/mildred-bryant-brooks-597, retrieved 10/3/2023</span></span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-small;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #222222;">The Annex Galleries. <br /></span></span><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #222222;"> </span></span><span style="color: #222222;">https://www.annexgalleries.com/artists/biography/284/Brooks/Mildred#:~:text=Mildred%20Bryant%20Brooks%2C%20printmaker%2C%20teacher,the%20University%20of%20Southern%20California</span></span></div><p><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br /></span></span></p>Dr. Viki Sonstegardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11802292306245900882noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4900135980218613100.post-66631962337403442892023-03-25T10:40:00.000-07:002023-03-25T10:40:07.856-07:00Juanita Judy Vitousek: Watercolorist of the Islands<p><span style="font-family: times;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj869yBxD78w-yxY8pLMOLntqxDvMckPnw8dKnSuhXdZnlhFANAgCbS4r7tC9rD2b7Hf6cmWQl9oPceWJKWA1AwMIx26dcbj5ilRLKV5d74M1PpT68-U5Jnt8-_IwtqATI1Hez93frrG6qlGFgecGqmpyQOI3vHYALDkIGxbVMijUng73wl98E-R0uybw" style="background-color: #3d85c6; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: times;"><img alt="" data-original-height="361" data-original-width="300" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj869yBxD78w-yxY8pLMOLntqxDvMckPnw8dKnSuhXdZnlhFANAgCbS4r7tC9rD2b7Hf6cmWQl9oPceWJKWA1AwMIx26dcbj5ilRLKV5d74M1PpT68-U5Jnt8-_IwtqATI1Hez93frrG6qlGFgecGqmpyQOI3vHYALDkIGxbVMijUng73wl98E-R0uybw" width="199" /></span></a></div><span style="font-family: times;"><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;">Born in Silverton, Oregon, </span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-weight: 700; text-align: justify;">Juanita Judy Vitousek</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> (1892-1988) lived in California as a youngster and studied at the University of California. After graduation, she moved to Hawaiʻi from Healdsburg, in Northern California, with her husband in 1917. Most of her career was spent in the islands but she was also an avid traveler. Vitousek became an active force in the Hawai'ian art community and by the late 1920s, began to concentrate on two specific areas: landscape and floral studies. Her paintings would ultimately present some of the most expressive 20th-century depictions on both the landscapes and spectacular flora of Hawaiʻi. </span></span><p></p><p><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEifQUH9URwbJmiJ6dUhwlgh4fIKP-Y3IN1kUD8c1KX6aPEvUNNJEKyHIp53bvgsaQpyOerHxDwFTJ2OkW2cryeMNK-ZUQVkLlB63uEoPbR9eq9ZECtlWgW_t1HKm04UU9HBp320ZrT66M31oUVdQFbscYEoJxdFjBA6WHr3WAZd8lbXh8W0dDXOFJAniw" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="240" data-original-width="320" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEifQUH9URwbJmiJ6dUhwlgh4fIKP-Y3IN1kUD8c1KX6aPEvUNNJEKyHIp53bvgsaQpyOerHxDwFTJ2OkW2cryeMNK-ZUQVkLlB63uEoPbR9eq9ZECtlWgW_t1HKm04UU9HBp320ZrT66M31oUVdQFbscYEoJxdFjBA6WHr3WAZd8lbXh8W0dDXOFJAniw" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Manoa</b><br /><i>Juanita Judy Vitousek</i><br />Watercolor <br />n.d.<br />22" x 30"</td></tr></tbody></table><br /></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjxAt8Xtg2UoPUy7WwjPY3qw7eqZ9LZ0zS4coULg9vztNROqli-ynQN9-xDbut-k4ehTbZt4yC5D_XomD85j5P1caQEbicjgYSE6Wdez9HcqIhpUbnoMc_zvlhPtclqNhBA1_gTxYVmq6x1HmaQOeFzPUEYQHQLfcEis9Gf7vdoZlZs0WhoYkqXG0Zumg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="240" data-original-width="320" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjxAt8Xtg2UoPUy7WwjPY3qw7eqZ9LZ0zS4coULg9vztNROqli-ynQN9-xDbut-k4ehTbZt4yC5D_XomD85j5P1caQEbicjgYSE6Wdez9HcqIhpUbnoMc_zvlhPtclqNhBA1_gTxYVmq6x1HmaQOeFzPUEYQHQLfcEis9Gf7vdoZlZs0WhoYkqXG0Zumg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Makapu'u</b><br /><i>Juanita Judy Vitousek</i><br />Watercolor <br />n.d.<br />22" x 30"<br /><br /></td></tr></tbody></table></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;">Vitousek's watercolors came to the attention of galleries and collectors, not only in Hawaiʻi, but across the country as well. She, along with </span><a href="https://isaacsartcenter.hpa.edu/artist-works.php?artistId=340829&artist=Juliette%20May%20Fraser%20(1887-1983)" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; text-align: justify; text-decoration-line: none;">Juliette May Fraser</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> and </span><a href="https://isaacsartcenter.hpa.edu/artist-works.php?artistId=158230&artist=Madge%20Tennent%20(1889-1972)" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; text-align: justify; text-decoration-line: none;">Madge Tennent</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;">, became part of a group in Hawai’i who formed "The Seven," one of the earliest formalized coalitions of women artists in the United States. A frequent exhibitor with the Association of Honolulu Artists, she received awards in 1933 and 1937 and had several one-person shows at the Honolulu Museum of Art, the first in 1941. In addition to her frequent exhibitions in </span></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: times; text-align: justify;">Honolulu</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: times; text-align: justify;">, Vitousek showed her work in Boston, Los Angeles, Santa Barbara, San Francisco, and Seattle. She continued to study at the University of Hawai’i with artists Joseph Albers, </span><a href="https://isaacsartcenter.hpa.edu/artist-works.php?artistId=158123&artist=Jean%20Charlot%20(1898-1979)" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: times; text-align: justify; text-decoration-line: none;">Jean Charlot</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: times; text-align: justify;">, and </span><a href="https://isaacsartcenter.hpa.edu/artist-works.php?artistId=286395&artist=Millard%20O.%20Sheets%20(1907-1989)" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: times; text-align: justify; text-decoration-line: none;">Millard Sheets</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: times; text-align: justify;">. </span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjTyyf_Va103ox_or7dXLD04HNbRDlYaAkaDIx8-Z2NMDnRt99IyPspOYIySQL_zCMRNFheEzT9j54ClcFWZn5keF0viZfCFlxWSvJiDpci0mNV_XbBDU1KRX0CztTaJASUXV3AzqPYZaAwAmZ3oacrkwW4Zt2XMID_VyS6E_3EpSEoZzARfrMt0PJ43Q" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: times;"><img alt="" data-original-height="240" data-original-width="320" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjTyyf_Va103ox_or7dXLD04HNbRDlYaAkaDIx8-Z2NMDnRt99IyPspOYIySQL_zCMRNFheEzT9j54ClcFWZn5keF0viZfCFlxWSvJiDpci0mNV_XbBDU1KRX0CztTaJASUXV3AzqPYZaAwAmZ3oacrkwW4Zt2XMID_VyS6E_3EpSEoZzARfrMt0PJ43Q" width="320" /></span></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b>Untitled</b></span><br style="background-color: white;" /><i style="background-color: white;">Juanita Judy Vitousek</i><br style="background-color: white;" /><span style="background-color: white;">Watercolor </span><br style="background-color: white;" /><span style="background-color: white;">n.d.</span><br style="background-color: white;" /><span style="background-color: white;">22" x 30"</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table><p><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEievT7_bjdFd1t8M3CaUARSyFnw-99uGEOHtNmhTHXDL4tQeZhb0jP1wYxlBevQNgCVZg2lZNtTb1op0PgRr7t8XVzvlDHoSqG52sciIEdyXV2XXC8N_8MTaWrR-gTZJYV0uMsFAd0WDSfTdhP-AD3JKlYv5pxvQ1RRyIvLQoM9HFFVZebEv7LlflMLMw" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="240" data-original-width="320" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEievT7_bjdFd1t8M3CaUARSyFnw-99uGEOHtNmhTHXDL4tQeZhb0jP1wYxlBevQNgCVZg2lZNtTb1op0PgRr7t8XVzvlDHoSqG52sciIEdyXV2XXC8N_8MTaWrR-gTZJYV0uMsFAd0WDSfTdhP-AD3JKlYv5pxvQ1RRyIvLQoM9HFFVZebEv7LlflMLMw" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Island Home</b><br /><i>Juanita Judy Vitousek</i><br />Watercolor <br />n.d.<br />22" x 30"<br /><br />An active and dedicated artist, Juanita Vitousek painted well into her nineties.<br /><br /><br /><br /></td></tr></tbody></table></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify;">Sources_____________________________________________________________</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify;">askART, </span><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333;">https://www.askart.com/artist/Juanita_Judy_Vitousek/103739/Juanita_Judy_Vitousek.aspx,</span></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify;"> retrieved March 25, 2023.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333;">Art Isaacs Center, Hawai'i Preparatory Academy, </span></span><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">https://isaacsartcenter.hpa.edu/artist-works.php?artistId=158221&artist=Juanita+Vitousek+%281890-1988%29, retrieved March 25, 2023.</span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 14px;">Cedar Street Galleries, </span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 14px;">https://cedarstreetgalleries.com/bin/works.cgi?Artist=Vitousek1890-1988Juanita, retrieved March 25, 2023</span></span></p>Dr. Viki Sonstegardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11802292306245900882noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4900135980218613100.post-24163224149189382782021-07-09T10:14:00.000-07:002021-07-09T10:14:36.116-07:00Genevieve "Gene" Springston Lynch: One of The Seven<p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPlKTREMAvoJgOqjT1G_3sulqdRZ41HZj-kdbQ49zXB6Xg_PKjw3Ec-H-Gti5IFPXQMtRLwaJr51vero_2AnO5TJFBP3pHYCKadYX3iEKmJdemGllE__tTdy2smiUCeIJ2EXGJXQk1IEbH/" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="468" data-original-width="360" height="301" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPlKTREMAvoJgOqjT1G_3sulqdRZ41HZj-kdbQ49zXB6Xg_PKjw3Ec-H-Gti5IFPXQMtRLwaJr51vero_2AnO5TJFBP3pHYCKadYX3iEKmJdemGllE__tTdy2smiUCeIJ2EXGJXQk1IEbH/w232-h301/image.png" width="232" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Genevieve Springston Lynch</b><br />c. 1912</td></tr></tbody></table></p><p><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">T</span><span style="font-size: medium;">he Seven</span></b><span style="font-size: medium;"> was a coalition of Honolulu-based women artists who first exhibited together in 1929. Several of the group’s inaugural members — </span></span><a href="http://isaacsartcenter.hpa.edu/artist-works.php?artistId=340829&artist=Juliette%20May%20Fraser%20(1887-1983)" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-size: large; text-align: justify; text-decoration-line: none;">Juliette May Fraser</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: large; text-align: justify;">, </span><a href="http://isaacsartcenter.hpa.edu/artist-works.php?artistId=338665&artist=Genevieve%20Springston%20Lynch%20(1891-1960)" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-size: large; text-align: justify; text-decoration-line: none;">Genevieve Springston Lynch</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: large; text-align: justify;">, </span><a href="http://isaacsartcenter.hpa.edu/artist-works.php?artistId=158230&artist=Madge%20Tennent%20(1889-1972)" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-size: large; text-align: justify; text-decoration-line: none;">Madge Tennent</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: large; text-align: justify;"> (founder and president), and </span><a href="http://isaacsartcenter.hpa.edu/artist-works.php?artistId=158221&artist=Juanita%20Vitousek%20(1890-1988)" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-size: large; text-align: justify; text-decoration-line: none;">Juanita Vitousek</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: large; text-align: justify;"> — would subsequently devote the bulk of their careers to Hawai‘i and painting the beauty of the islands. Female artists</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: large; text-align: justify;"> largely dictated the terms of 20th-century island culture, rarely encountering the sort of institutionalized sexism that often circumscribed the work of their global counterparts.</span></span></p><p><span style="background-color: #fcfcfc; font-variant-ligatures: none;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;">Yet, the story of women artists in Hawai‘i extends both before and beyond The Seven’s two-year existence. As early as 1880, Helen Whitney Kelley and Helen Thomas Dranga began turning out depictions of the islands’ scenery, subtly challenging the monopoly set by their renowned male contemporaries, such as D. Howard Hitchcock and Lionel Walden. By the early 20th century, kamaʻaina artists Blasingame, Fraser and Cornelia MacIntyre Foley, and Lynch had trained on the United States mainland and in Europe, returned to Hawai‘i and taken on pupils in the islands, all the while cultivating personal styles that would accelerate the advent of a localized modernism movement</span></span></p><p><span style="background-color: white; color: #394f69;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;">Genevieve (Gene) Springston Lynch was born in Forest Grove, Oregon (26 miles west of Portland) on September 20, 1891. "Gene" Springston studied at the Pratt Institute and Art Institute of Chicago. She taught art at Punahou School in Honolulu prior to and after her marriage to L. L. Lynch. </span></span><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #202122;">Lynch was invited to have a solo show in Paris in 1935. Because of prejudice against female artists, she shortened her professional name and signature to "Gene Lynch."</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #202122;"> She exhibited in the 1939 </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_of_Independent_Artists" style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); color: #0645ad; text-decoration-line: none;" title="">Society of Independent Artists</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #202122;"> show.</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #394f69;"> Her later years were spent in Palo Alto, California. She died there in 1960. Her forte was stylized paintings of exotic plants.</span></span></p><p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNgqdLY5zzKAAHH6hkRCSd8O7SscI9vkqdAsGufz2GSmPg5oBAtt_c9XvRTY-o4owbCqg1IYn3rvaivZow-dyCoVGQSQPMJqFjvggUeJInQ4w9SSCLltrE82J03pwtoBKTeDfm_alLtu1x/" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="884" data-original-width="694" height="447" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNgqdLY5zzKAAHH6hkRCSd8O7SscI9vkqdAsGufz2GSmPg5oBAtt_c9XvRTY-o4owbCqg1IYn3rvaivZow-dyCoVGQSQPMJqFjvggUeJInQ4w9SSCLltrE82J03pwtoBKTeDfm_alLtu1x/w350-h447/image.png" width="350" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Genevieve Springston Lynch</b><br /><i>Yellow Ginger</i><br />c. 1940s<br />Oil on board<br />20" x 16"<br />Private Collection<br /><br /><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div></td></tr></tbody></table></p><p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYcMW01Ndckb5WpNBtEWKg63KHH-U0cQmrs2Wr85Zm347Y3pl6hmfhiYO6kIg3Sy764CwzByC8O3I0gtGBGTjZf9__537nqwsonHnoAXOfmCwmWmXJC5q0CMRW6Ew6VSkfFcKM4NDf34qu/" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="310" data-original-width="300" height="422" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYcMW01Ndckb5WpNBtEWKg63KHH-U0cQmrs2Wr85Zm347Y3pl6hmfhiYO6kIg3Sy764CwzByC8O3I0gtGBGTjZf9__537nqwsonHnoAXOfmCwmWmXJC5q0CMRW6Ew6VSkfFcKM4NDf34qu/w408-h422/image.png" width="408" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Genevieve Springston Lynch</b><br /><i>Cup-and-Saucer Flowers</i><br />c. 1940<br />Oil on board<br />20" x 16"<br />Honolulu Museum of Art</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheUoa_p00KWFtfY18xao6t6lGeTZc16EcBowL_GGc-R2djOffD3pUtudGjmpgSmX1rZ1bwNlQCNKpEuHthgPV2ZNuUPHpFBqtNxBVBc2SCQpwgj429NEldZQ-ZwEWFG0656jHcdFJZE168/" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="740" data-original-width="1000" height="319" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheUoa_p00KWFtfY18xao6t6lGeTZc16EcBowL_GGc-R2djOffD3pUtudGjmpgSmX1rZ1bwNlQCNKpEuHthgPV2ZNuUPHpFBqtNxBVBc2SCQpwgj429NEldZQ-ZwEWFG0656jHcdFJZE168/w431-h319/image.png" width="431" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Genevieve Springston Lynch</b><br /><i>Hawaiian Shoreline with Figures</i><br />c. n.d.<br />Oil on board<br />18" x 24"<br />Private Collection<br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFVIqo6f9h0rdzDeciGqi_Fy6Rmnp7ECJarN9eVROnHdb0i6DHE_G26QlR2NNY2Vn4Z6Pak3YxlyxL44hHotOZvfkYQeY22xYPHkZy5uVf8gfR67lPlkcGUALJo0xa6Q55ANol19vmhsqe/" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="163" data-original-width="200" height="350" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFVIqo6f9h0rdzDeciGqi_Fy6Rmnp7ECJarN9eVROnHdb0i6DHE_G26QlR2NNY2Vn4Z6Pak3YxlyxL44hHotOZvfkYQeY22xYPHkZy5uVf8gfR67lPlkcGUALJo0xa6Q55ANol19vmhsqe/w428-h350/image.png" width="428" /></a></div><br /><b>Genevieve Springston Lynch</b><br /><i>Hawaiian Plantation Scene</i><br />c. n.d.<br />Oil on canvas<br />27" x 32.75"<br />Private Collection<br /><br /></td></tr></tbody></table></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Lynch's pieces such as<span> </span><i>Yellow Ginger</i><span> </span>and<span> </span><i>Cup-and-Saucer</i><span> </span>are emblematic of the style of painting pioneered by Georgia O'Keefe and brought to Hawaii in 1939 during O'Keefe's assignment to create promotional imagery for the Hawaiian Pineapple Company.</span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: left;">Her later years were spent in Palo Alto, California, where she died in 1960. </div><br /><div style="text-align: left;">Sources__________________________________________________________________________</div><div style="text-align: left;">Isaac's Art Center, Hawaii Preparatory Academy, Sisters of the Brush: Women Artists of Hawaii, 1880-2000.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Invaluable, https://www.invaluable.com/auction-lot/painting-genevieve-springston-lynch-7268-c-5514a608bb#</div><div style="text-align: left;">American Eagle Fine Art, https://www.americaneaglefineart.com/genevieve-gene-springton-lynch-1891-1960yellow-ginger-circa-1940s/</div><div style="text-align: left;">askART.com, Genevieve Springston Lynch, </div><div style="text-align: left;">https://www.liveauctioneers.com/item/53197247_painting-genevieve-lynch</div><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p><br /></p>Dr. Viki Sonstegardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11802292306245900882noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4900135980218613100.post-90963059222500642972021-05-29T15:58:00.000-07:002021-05-29T15:58:28.217-07:00Madge Tennent: Fueled the advent of Hawaiian Modernism<p> </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidguvTmyvJc5167T92eP_NOCrVTAJkbSuS7EsMkJKu1607JXteZPJfQXWDAvqqvSIarXR97GgTdcrCoAIfY585Wu2W5Bo_N4a2gQz8wuZJNGYh05rfeG-XpFwoDJKqqGS2BTjXk1Ookk9I/" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="528" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidguvTmyvJc5167T92eP_NOCrVTAJkbSuS7EsMkJKu1607JXteZPJfQXWDAvqqvSIarXR97GgTdcrCoAIfY585Wu2W5Bo_N4a2gQz8wuZJNGYh05rfeG-XpFwoDJKqqGS2BTjXk1Ookk9I/w330-h400/image.png" width="330" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: Homemade Apple; font-size: large;">Madge Tennent</span></b></td></tr></tbody></table><div><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"><br />Hailed as "the most significant individual contributor to Hawaiian art in the 20th century" and "without question the greatest interpreter of the Hawaiian figure," </span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-weight: 700; text-align: justify;">Madge Tennent</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> (1889-1972) was one of The Seven, a coalition of female Hawaiian artists whose work was was first exhibited together in 1929.</span></span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;">Born in Dulwich, England, Tennant was five years old when her family moved to Cape Town, South Africa. At the age of twelve, she entered an art school in Cape Town, and the following year her parents, who recognized and her as a child prodigy, moved to Paris to enable Madeline to study there. She studied figure drawing at the </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #202122;"> </span>Académie Julian<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"> under William-Adolf Bouguereau, the French realist academic painter, an experience that laid the technical foundation for her later figural drawings and paintings. </span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5QvnribjOiyeNoNRWCWauH9-MDR935A3OchPyCazmYM2YuXXwE4KWUGnXAOQ9yYq54kXVmb36f3gQxc22U5V11gLlN1ShFIPX9yaOdVrzYmQw28pdp5oEPMQz9pgbCcpzx0fGwUNClFwg/" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="413" data-original-width="288" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5QvnribjOiyeNoNRWCWauH9-MDR935A3OchPyCazmYM2YuXXwE4KWUGnXAOQ9yYq54kXVmb36f3gQxc22U5V11gLlN1ShFIPX9yaOdVrzYmQw28pdp5oEPMQz9pgbCcpzx0fGwUNClFwg/w278-h400/image.png" width="278" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Madge Tennent</b><br /><i>Studio Study</i><br />age 12 or 13</td></tr></tbody></table></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;">She and her family returned to South Africa, and after her marriage in 1915 to accountant Hugh Cowper Tennent (OBE), she relocated to his native New Zealand. In 1917, the couple moved to British Samoa when her husband became treasurer for the government. This is where Tennent's fascination with the native people blossomed into the "joyous exploration of the Polynesian form."</span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilP1XYKSM8_e13knjAz0C6yxT9jtgjm_fTpcDhXA3iL_oF953rHsXfahyphenhyphen8-vSemvungFBhPR5TS9X_K08lO9FWv9scH2D02ctpNDejFa3qzigf-9MfKy-ZXcUKeWz74_F_C7VCdgnuiRV8/" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="237" data-original-width="300" height="253" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilP1XYKSM8_e13knjAz0C6yxT9jtgjm_fTpcDhXA3iL_oF953rHsXfahyphenhyphen8-vSemvungFBhPR5TS9X_K08lO9FWv9scH2D02ctpNDejFa3qzigf-9MfKy-ZXcUKeWz74_F_C7VCdgnuiRV8/w320-h253/image.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Madge Tennent</b><br /><i style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; text-align: left;">Olympia of Hawaii (with Apologies to Manet)</i><br />ca 1927<br />Oil on canvas<br />22 x 18 inches</td></tr></tbody></table></span></span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;">In 1923, the Tennents left Samoa en route to England, stopping in Honolulu where they were entranced with the Hawaiian Islands and decided to stay. In those early years, Madge Tennent helped to support her family by taking commissions to paint and draw portraits of children. A friend’s gift of a book on Gauguin set her on an artistic course that lasted 50 years, during which she portrayed Hawaiian women in an innovative style that became</span></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: times; font-size: large; text-align: justify;"> increasingly individualized and unique.</span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi65ghlwSNVnQCeI0l0tFB5NL_HbpeUnVBRgvynnvIazPDb57yHj9tJbd8rRnrJJ_UMPHW8hNQmEBP3Hsm0Ik_LvbRbMHHRNd3XxoYLE_Pa4N3Yrl-C8KDTdWQ6gqqRqw8TawK5yuCPATZ8/" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="418" data-original-width="238" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi65ghlwSNVnQCeI0l0tFB5NL_HbpeUnVBRgvynnvIazPDb57yHj9tJbd8rRnrJJ_UMPHW8hNQmEBP3Hsm0Ik_LvbRbMHHRNd3XxoYLE_Pa4N3Yrl-C8KDTdWQ6gqqRqw8TawK5yuCPATZ8/w228-h400/image.png" width="228" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #333333; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Madge Tennent</b><br /><i>Local Color</i><br />ca 1934<br />Oil on canvas<br />Represented Hawaii at the <br />1939 New York World's Fair</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></span></div></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img alt="" data-original-height="500" data-original-width="401" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgS5j47S2I4KES4FYu1gDCS9Ct95uLyQTRat6v3wXN8M_Gni14nnA0etwFVS9bLsXj7ITFlMYbfAXaFJkybm3OqifyMy9Af1Kd82aiRy5VaLLM5B5eQl0wAS92kQAWJAS1sCXXrAakmz5E0/w256-h320/image.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="256" /></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Madge Tennent</b><br /><i>Hawaiian Girl with Lei Po'o</i><br />ca 1940<br />22 x 18 inches</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></span></div></span></span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;">Tennent was active in Hawai’i from the late 1920s until the 1960s. “The Hawaiians are really to me the most beautiful people in the world," she once said, “no doubt about it – the Hawaiian is a piece of living sculpture”. Using swirls of oil, Tennent portrayed Hawaiian women as solidly fleshed and majestic – larger than life – capturing in rhythmic forms the very essence of their being. "They are strong, serene and proud." Her method of working with impasto – applying thick layers of paint to achieve a graceful, perfectly balanced composition – is evident in works such as </span><a href="https://isaacsartcenter.hpa.edu/artist-item.php?itemId=3013986&title=TAC_52B_Lei+Queen+Fantasia&artistId=158230&artist=Madge+Tennent+%281889-1972%29&offset=104" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; text-align: justify; text-decoration-line: none;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Lei Queen Fantasia</em></a><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;">. Everything on the canvas whirls. The paint is applied in whirls in what might be called the “Tennent whirl” – the colors bright and luminous. Tennent envisioned Hawaiian Kings and Queens as having descended from Gods of heroic proportion, intelligent and brave, bearing a strong affinity to the Greeks in their legends and persons. She was criticized for her portrayal of larger size women but to her Hawaiian women fulfilled the standards of classic Greek Beauty.</span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrHzSHcl9h1jU8ftR8IpmeLm3QBWesnlWymgM6WfVSSZlzzFyJ6DY95dAzhN-SFeukheb7t5iFO5BnGluXurQSjo6gqv-1zt3uyd4DgOhHcf_wOSGyw5MwTMYeQcIXJQqKf5hlqczlCNjD/" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="500" data-original-width="324" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrHzSHcl9h1jU8ftR8IpmeLm3QBWesnlWymgM6WfVSSZlzzFyJ6DY95dAzhN-SFeukheb7t5iFO5BnGluXurQSjo6gqv-1zt3uyd4DgOhHcf_wOSGyw5MwTMYeQcIXJQqKf5hlqczlCNjD/w260-h400/image.png" width="260" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #333333; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Madge Tennent</b><br /><i>Lady in Pink Dress</i><br />ca 1954<br />18 x 12 inches</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></span></div></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;">Madge Tennent fueled the advent of Hawaiian Modernism through both her own creative endeavors and unrelenting enthusiasm. She became a champion of the avant-garde and a driving force among Hawaii's visual artists. Tennent was president of <b>The Seven</b>, a coalition of woman artists that included Juanita Vitousek and Juliette May Fraser (her story in the previous post), and with Isami Doi co-founded the Hawaiian Mural Guild. Tennent also lectured on art history and offered studio workshops at the Honolulu Academy of Arts, inspiring an emergent generation of island-born modern artists. A frequent exhibitor both at home and abroad, Tennent rapidly became Hawaii’s most visible presence on the global stage, mounting successful one-woman shows in Auckland, Cairo, Chicago, London, Los Angeles, Paris, Philadelphia, San Francisco, and Sydney. This whirlwind of activity turned on an unwavering ideology: “To paint without thought of pleasing, to keep faith with my furthest discrimination in Art, and to make no compromise aesthetically.”</span></span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDCFlX6BxbTJRVoKGAXdgJj8m2eFqE9_2fQ1XnLwyKQDW2QPhx1tr3hrm9RGTiMSgrqG8CVNPAEwrA1ZOeSkIHlhq8iYz5nG1hTBmld4zyqXmkP2HbzuN-UwcegxP8Qmkn-aEcK1OhXsFe/" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="499" data-original-width="324" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDCFlX6BxbTJRVoKGAXdgJj8m2eFqE9_2fQ1XnLwyKQDW2QPhx1tr3hrm9RGTiMSgrqG8CVNPAEwrA1ZOeSkIHlhq8iYz5nG1hTBmld4zyqXmkP2HbzuN-UwcegxP8Qmkn-aEcK1OhXsFe/w260-h400/image.png" width="260" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Madge Tennent</b><br /><i>Lady in Victorian Dress</i><br />ca 1956<br />Ink<br />18 x 12 inches</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; color: #333333; font-size: large;"><span style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><br /></span></span></div><div><p style="background-color: white; color: #202122; margin: 0.5em 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;">During the mid-1950s, Madge Tennent suffered the first of several heart attacks, prompting her to shift from large-scale undertakings on canvas to smaller works on paper. She was diagnosed with a permanent heart ailment in 1958, and by 1965 she had discontinued working and moved into the Maunalani Hospital near Manoa. After a decade of gradually declining health, Tennent died in Honolulu on February 5, 1972. Her funeral was held at St. Andrew's Cathedral in Honolulu.</span><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="font-size: 15px; white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span style="font-size: medium;">Three days after her death, the Hawaiʻi State Senate commemorated the artist's vision, accomplishments, and influence:</span></span></p><blockquote style="background-color: white; border-left: none; color: #202122; margin: 1em 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 8px 32px;"><div class="center" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center; width: auto;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;">IN HONOR OF THE LATE MADGE TENNENT</span></div><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;">WHEREAS, Madge Tennent, one of Hawaii's most important artists, died on February 5, 1972 in the 82nd year of her long and eventful life; and</span></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;">WHEREAS, better than any artist to date, Madge Tennent was able to capture and honestly express in her many paintings and drawings the subtle charm and quiet grace and dignity of the Hawaiian people; and</span></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;">WHEREAS, Madge Tennent was also a warm and generous person, who gave often and generously of her works to friends and to charity; and</span></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;">WHEREAS, Madge Tennent, having spent a half century in Hawaii, leaves behind a rich legacy of art, which shall forever belong to Hawaii; and therefore,</span></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;">BE IT RESOLVED by the Senate of the Sixth Legislature of Hawaii, Regular Session of 1972, that this body solemnly notes the passing of a great artist and person.</span></p></blockquote><p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvqS1XtiSDXWhzSal5VzTixDmC49zemev9dEHyikesCoQf70oBms8fF0wSVoUdHgRM7YLuIEUDGjgGcoteQoXzp-ziKyrCry2HfWAtI0-W_bOYq-Cy3f-fwKqI0YCH8_1AqiYZqU_RyGJH/" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1581" data-original-width="1264" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvqS1XtiSDXWhzSal5VzTixDmC49zemev9dEHyikesCoQf70oBms8fF0wSVoUdHgRM7YLuIEUDGjgGcoteQoXzp-ziKyrCry2HfWAtI0-W_bOYq-Cy3f-fwKqI0YCH8_1AqiYZqU_RyGJH/w320-h400/image.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><em style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: times;">Madge Tennent, photograph by Francis Haar</span></em></td></tr></tbody></table> </p><p><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: times; font-size: large; text-align: justify;">Sources_______________________________________</span></p></div><div><h1 id="s-lg-guide-name" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: normal; margin: 5px 0px;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: times; font-weight: 500;">Hawai'i Artist Archives at the University of Hawaii Library - Artist's Biographical Note: Madge Tennent, University of Hawai'i Manoa Library, </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: times;"><span style="font-weight: 500;">https://guides.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/c.php?g=953236&p=7434759, retrieved May 29, 2021.</span></span></span></h1></div><div><span style="color: #333333; font-family: times;"><span style="font-weight: 500;">Isaacs Art Center Preparatory Academy, Madge Tennent, </span>https://isaacsartcenter.hpa.edu/artist-works.php?artistId=158230&artist=Madge%20Tennent%20(1889-1972), retrieved May 29, 2021</span></div><div><span style="color: #333333; font-family: times;">When Wise Women Speak, interview with Madge Walls (granddaughter of Madge Tennent), https://whenwisewomenspeak.blogspot.com/2012/02/madge-tennent.html, retrieved May 29, 2021</span></div>Dr. Viki Sonstegardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11802292306245900882noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4900135980218613100.post-48802667806814383072021-04-19T16:25:00.001-07:002021-04-19T16:25:37.981-07:00Juliette May Fraser: Painter, Muralist, Printmaker of Hawaii<div class="OutlineElement Ltr BCX8 SCXW204045443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; 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border-bottom: 1px solid transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">Hawai‘</span></span><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US">i begins well before and beyond The Seven’s two-year existence. As early as 1880, Helen Whitney Kelley and Helen Thomas Dranga began turning out beloved depictions of the islands’ spectacular scenery, subtly challenging the monopoly set by their well-known male contemporaries, such as D. Howard Hitchcock and Lionel Walden.</span><span class="EOP BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"> </span></p><p class="Paragraph BCX8 SCXW204045443" lang="EN-US" paraeid="{39e9957d-9754-4e0e-905f-da8f121515ac}{42}" paraid="697477388" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: "Segoe UI", "Segoe UI Web", Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-kerning: none; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; user-select: text; vertical-align: baseline;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span class="EOP BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; 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margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="385" data-original-width="306" height="278" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjozr9mB9fbOY5o2RKHkWmiNtrOQzu-rtJL5hyHS7I8cH0_FctHtAlq8QaLuiaIJPkiJy3dKOS4FCZ0Z3-O6jm8mZ9a_bavR_era7TptOFgOHi-ltqSPMF9zwkBnk4pXIicNbNfBAXOq-r3/w221-h278/image.png" width="221" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: times;"><b>Juliette May Fraser</b></span></td></tr></tbody></table><span class="EOP BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><br /></span></p><p class="Paragraph BCX8 SCXW204045443" lang="EN-US" paraeid="{39e9957d-9754-4e0e-905f-da8f121515ac}{42}" paraid="697477388" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: "Segoe UI", "Segoe UI Web", Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-kerning: none; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; user-select: text; vertical-align: baseline;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US">By the early 20th century, </span><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span class="NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2 BCX8 SCXW204045443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4wIiBlbmNvZGluZz0iVVRGLTgiPz4KPHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iNXB4IiBoZWlnaHQ9IjRweCIgdmlld0JveD0iMCAwIDUgNCIgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4xIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHhtbG5zOnhsaW5rPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8xOTk5L3hsaW5rIj4KICAgIDwhLS0gR2VuZXJhdG9yOiBTa2V0Y2ggNTYuMiAoODE2NzIpIC0gaHR0cHM6Ly9za2V0Y2guY29tIC0tPgogICAgPHRpdGxlPnNwZWxsaW5nX3NxdWlnZ2xlPC90aXRsZT4KICAgIDxkZXNjPkNyZWF0ZWQgd2l0aCBTa2V0Y2guPC9kZXNjPgogICAgPGcgaWQ9IkZsYWdzIiBzdHJva2U9Im5vbmUiIHN0cm9rZS13aWR0aD0iMSIgZmlsbD0ibm9uZSIgZmlsbC1ydWxlPSJldmVub2RkIj4KICAgICAgICA8ZyB0cmFuc2Zvcm09InRyYW5zbGF0ZSgtMTAxMC4wMDAwMDAsIC0yOTYuMDAwMDAwKSIgaWQ9InNwZWxsaW5nX3NxdWlnZ2xlIj4KICAgICAgICAgICAgPGcgdHJhbnNmb3JtPSJ0cmFuc2xhdGUoMTAxMC4wMDAwMDAsIDI5Ni4wMDAwMDApIj4KICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIDxwYXRoIGQ9Ik0wLDMgQzEuMjUsMyAxLjI1LDEgMi41LDEgQzMuNzUsMSAzLjc1LDMgNSwzIiBpZD0iUGF0aCIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjRUIwMDAwIiBzdHJva2Utd2lkdGg9IjEiPjwvcGF0aD4KICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIDxyZWN0IGlkPSJSZWN0YW5nbGUiIHg9IjAiIHk9IjAiIHdpZHRoPSI1IiBoZWlnaHQ9IjQiPjwvcmVjdD4KICAgICAgICAgICAgPC9nPgogICAgICAgIDwvZz4KICAgIDwvZz4KPC9zdmc+"); background-position: left bottom; background-repeat: repeat-x; border-bottom: 1px solid transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">kamaʻāina</span></span><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US"> artists Blasingame, Juliette May Fraser and Cornelia </span><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span class="NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2 BCX8 SCXW204045443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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"); background-position: left bottom; background-repeat: repeat-x; border-bottom: 1px solid transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">MacIntyre</span></span><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US"> Foley had trained on the US mainland and in Europe, returned to </span><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span class="NormalTextRun ContextualSpellingAndGrammarErrorV2 BCX8 SCXW204045443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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"); background-position: left bottom; background-repeat: repeat-x; border-bottom: 1px solid transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">Hawai‘</span></span><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US">i, and taken on pupils there, while cultivating personal styles that would accelerate the advent of a regional style of modernism. Working alongside other women who traveled to the islands in the early 20th century, including Lynch, Russell, Tennent and </span><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span class="NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2 BCX8 SCXW204045443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4wIiBlbmNvZGluZz0iVVRGLTgiPz4KPHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iNXB4IiBoZWlnaHQ9IjRweCIgdmlld0JveD0iMCAwIDUgNCIgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4xIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHhtbG5zOnhsaW5rPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8xOTk5L3hsaW5rIj4KICAgIDwhLS0gR2VuZXJhdG9yOiBTa2V0Y2ggNTYuMiAoODE2NzIpIC0gaHR0cHM6Ly9za2V0Y2guY29tIC0tPgogICAgPHRpdGxlPnNwZWxsaW5nX3NxdWlnZ2xlPC90aXRsZT4KICAgIDxkZXNjPkNyZWF0ZWQgd2l0aCBTa2V0Y2guPC9kZXNjPgogICAgPGcgaWQ9IkZsYWdzIiBzdHJva2U9Im5vbmUiIHN0cm9rZS13aWR0aD0iMSIgZmlsbD0ibm9uZSIgZmlsbC1ydWxlPSJldmVub2RkIj4KICAgICAgICA8ZyB0cmFuc2Zvcm09InRyYW5zbGF0ZSgtMTAxMC4wMDAwMDAsIC0yOTYuMDAwMDAwKSIgaWQ9InNwZWxsaW5nX3NxdWlnZ2xlIj4KICAgICAgICAgICAgPGcgdHJhbnNmb3JtPSJ0cmFuc2xhdGUoMTAxMC4wMDAwMDAsIDI5Ni4wMDAwMDApIj4KICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIDxwYXRoIGQ9Ik0wLDMgQzEuMjUsMyAxLjI1LDEgMi41LDEgQzMuNzUsMSAzLjc1LDMgNSwzIiBpZD0iUGF0aCIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjRUIwMDAwIiBzdHJva2Utd2lkdGg9IjEiPjwvcGF0aD4KICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIDxyZWN0IGlkPSJSZWN0YW5nbGUiIHg9IjAiIHk9IjAiIHdpZHRoPSI1IiBoZWlnaHQ9IjQiPjwvcmVjdD4KICAgICAgICAgICAgPC9nPgogICAgICAgIDwvZz4KICAgIDwvZz4KPC9zdmc+"); background-position: left bottom; background-repeat: repeat-x; border-bottom: 1px solid transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">Vitousek</span></span><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US">, these artists transformed the concept of “island art” from </span><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span class="NormalTextRun ContextualSpellingAndGrammarErrorV2 BCX8 SCXW204045443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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"); background-position: left bottom; background-repeat: repeat-x; border-bottom: 1px solid transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">Hawai‘</span></span><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US">i’s male-dominated environmental imagery into a more nuanced arena that reflected various modernist trends growing across European at that time. Several would also play instrumental roles in the war effort, designing camouflage for local artillery units and creating large-scale murals at local military bases to encourage the soldiers deployed in the Pacific.</span><span class="EOP BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"> </span></p><p class="Paragraph BCX8 SCXW204045443" lang="EN-US" paraeid="{39e9957d-9754-4e0e-905f-da8f121515ac}{42}" paraid="697477388" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: "Segoe UI", "Segoe UI Web", Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-kerning: none; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; user-select: text; vertical-align: baseline;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span class="EOP BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><br /></span></p><p class="Paragraph BCX8 SCXW204045443" lang="EN-US" paraeid="{39e9957d-9754-4e0e-905f-da8f121515ac}{42}" paraid="697477388" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-kerning: none; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; user-select: text; vertical-align: baseline;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span class="EOP BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjL0TqZkiC5S3pbMIlH_fNtmTJEKRsz0NPdOgoU873vvDn3xbzDmI0rA2zC8_IL9ej3-pfJlZcMkhJV5Te8cJHtyC2X9pMz3NUtx5iYGki4dc1DRpydCJvgZSJMvnu6O-DXVD3kyMgPIeLP/" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="509" data-original-width="410" height="377" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjL0TqZkiC5S3pbMIlH_fNtmTJEKRsz0NPdOgoU873vvDn3xbzDmI0rA2zC8_IL9ej3-pfJlZcMkhJV5Te8cJHtyC2X9pMz3NUtx5iYGki4dc1DRpydCJvgZSJMvnu6O-DXVD3kyMgPIeLP/w304-h377/image.png" width="304" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Juliette May Fraser</b><br /><i>Camouflage Rhythms</i><br />1940s<br />Fraser and the lei sellers developed a system consisting of cutting burlap and recycled fabric into strips, dyeing and configuring the strips to blend in with specific areas around the islands, and then weaving the strips onto large-scale nets, often completed while singing Hawaiian songs.<br /><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: times;"><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US">In the later 20th century, several other figures of note emerged to continue the tradition of women artists driving Hawaiian art forward. Betty Hay Freeland and Martha Greenwell pursued seascape and landscape painting in </span><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span class="NormalTextRun ContextualSpellingAndGrammarErrorV2 BCX8 SCXW204045443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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"); background-position: left bottom; background-repeat: repeat-x; border-bottom: 1px solid transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">Hawai‘</span></span><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US">i on their own terms, while batik specialist Yvonne Cheng and graphic artist Pegge Hopper expanded upon Tennent’s genre of the Hawaiian </span><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span class="NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2 BCX8 SCXW204045443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4wIiBlbmNvZGluZz0iVVRGLTgiPz4KPHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iNXB4IiBoZWlnaHQ9IjRweCIgdmlld0JveD0iMCAwIDUgNCIgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4xIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHhtbG5zOnhsaW5rPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8xOTk5L3hsaW5rIj4KICAgIDwhLS0gR2VuZXJhdG9yOiBTa2V0Y2ggNTYuMiAoODE2NzIpIC0gaHR0cHM6Ly9za2V0Y2guY29tIC0tPgogICAgPHRpdGxlPnNwZWxsaW5nX3NxdWlnZ2xlPC90aXRsZT4KICAgIDxkZXNjPkNyZWF0ZWQgd2l0aCBTa2V0Y2guPC9kZXNjPgogICAgPGcgaWQ9IkZsYWdzIiBzdHJva2U9Im5vbmUiIHN0cm9rZS13aWR0aD0iMSIgZmlsbD0ibm9uZSIgZmlsbC1ydWxlPSJldmVub2RkIj4KICAgICAgICA8ZyB0cmFuc2Zvcm09InRyYW5zbGF0ZSgtMTAxMC4wMDAwMDAsIC0yOTYuMDAwMDAwKSIgaWQ9InNwZWxsaW5nX3NxdWlnZ2xlIj4KICAgICAgICAgICAgPGcgdHJhbnNmb3JtPSJ0cmFuc2xhdGUoMTAxMC4wMDAwMDAsIDI5Ni4wMDAwMDApIj4KICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIDxwYXRoIGQ9Ik0wLDMgQzEuMjUsMyAxLjI1LDEgMi41LDEgQzMuNzUsMSAzLjc1LDMgNSwzIiBpZD0iUGF0aCIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjRUIwMDAwIiBzdHJva2Utd2lkdGg9IjEiPjwvcGF0aD4KICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIDxyZWN0IGlkPSJSZWN0YW5nbGUiIHg9IjAiIHk9IjAiIHdpZHRoPSI1IiBoZWlnaHQ9IjQiPjwvcmVjdD4KICAgICAgICAgICAgPC9nPgogICAgICAgIDwvZz4KICAgIDwvZz4KPC9zdmc+"); background-position: left bottom; background-repeat: repeat-x; border-bottom: 1px solid transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">wahine</span></span><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US"> (woman).</span><span class="EOP BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"> </span></span></span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr BCX8 SCXW204045443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: white; clear: both; cursor: text; direction: ltr; margin: 0px; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative; user-select: text;"><p class="Paragraph BCX8 SCXW204045443" lang="EN-US" paraeid="{39e9957d-9754-4e0e-905f-da8f121515ac}{64}" paraid="1665391380" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-kerning: none; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; user-select: text; vertical-align: baseline;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #222222; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: times;">Honolulu-born artist Juliette May Fraser is perhaps best known for the murals she painted both in Hawaii and around the globe. She portrayed Hawaiian legends along with other themes through linoleum cut, oil painting, ceramics, and fresco.</span></span><span class="LineBreakBlob BlobObject DragDrop BCX8 SCXW204045443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #222222; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span class="BCX8 SCXW204045443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; white-space: pre !important;"><span style="font-family: times;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: WordVisiCarriageReturn_MSFontService, Times New Roman, Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont, Times New Roman_MSFontService, serif;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;"><br class="BCX8 SCXW204045443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; white-space: pre !important;" /></span></span></span><span class="TextRun EmptyTextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US"></span><span class="LineBreakBlob BlobObject DragDrop BCX8 SCXW204045443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #222222; font-family: WordVisiCarriageReturn_MSFontService, "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span class="BCX8 SCXW204045443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; white-space: pre !important;"> </span><br class="BCX8 SCXW204045443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; white-space: pre !important;" /></span><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US">Juliette May Fraser was born on January 27, 1887</span><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US"> during the reign of King Kalakaua</span><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US"> in Honolulu. After graduating from Wellesley College in Massachusetts, she worked as an educator, like her mother and father who had come to the islands to teach. "That was practically the only thing a woman could do then," she told an interviewer a few years before her death in 1983. Her comments with regard to her education at </span><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span class="NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2 BCX8 SCXW204045443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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"); background-position: left bottom; background-repeat: repeat-x; border-bottom: 1px solid transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">Wellesly</span></span><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US"> were that, “</span><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US">Wellesley had excellent art history. They did not have very good--they were not so much interested in art practice. They had some, but even the teachers knew that it wasn't an art school standard. It didn't pretend to be.” She took architecture classes but since Fraser didn’t receive any practical art training, she studied with various teachers and ultimately decided to attend </span><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US">the Art Students League in New York.</span><span class="LineBreakBlob BlobObject DragDrop BCX8 SCXW204045443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #222222; font-family: WordVisiCarriageReturn_MSFontService, "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span class="BCX8 SCXW204045443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; white-space: pre !important;"> </span></span></p><p class="Paragraph BCX8 SCXW204045443" lang="EN-US" paraeid="{39e9957d-9754-4e0e-905f-da8f121515ac}{64}" paraid="1665391380" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: "Segoe UI", "Segoe UI Web", Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-kerning: none; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; user-select: text; vertical-align: baseline;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span class="LineBreakBlob BlobObject DragDrop BCX8 SCXW204045443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #222222; font-family: WordVisiCarriageReturn_MSFontService, "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span class="BCX8 SCXW204045443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; white-space: pre !important;"><br /></span></span></p><p class="Paragraph BCX8 SCXW204045443" lang="EN-US" paraeid="{39e9957d-9754-4e0e-905f-da8f121515ac}{64}" paraid="1665391380" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: "Segoe UI", "Segoe UI Web", Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-kerning: none; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; user-select: text; vertical-align: baseline;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span class="LineBreakBlob BlobObject DragDrop BCX8 SCXW204045443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #222222; font-family: WordVisiCarriageReturn_MSFontService, "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVgSHVyBG7_GeIg_jn5B2UEuGC1s6vlbj_XJpn70OP1E1D4VNc_nCLo8VnWXTKffAdOJ5P8BblgBsyd0VNzY4BTgv-IWUGsDp7192D9rvkrAWIWpuJTdZ8o5Eqdn3i6s-pFKzx0ou0pXni/" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="500" data-original-width="368" height="441" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVgSHVyBG7_GeIg_jn5B2UEuGC1s6vlbj_XJpn70OP1E1D4VNc_nCLo8VnWXTKffAdOJ5P8BblgBsyd0VNzY4BTgv-IWUGsDp7192D9rvkrAWIWpuJTdZ8o5Eqdn3i6s-pFKzx0ou0pXni/w325-h441/image.png" width="325" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Juliette May Fraser</b><br /><i>Little Teacher</i><br />1952<br />Linoleum Cut Lithograph<br /><br /></td></tr></tbody></table></span><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US">Fraser returned to Honolulu, taught for a few more years before she received a commission to paint a mural for Mrs. Charles Adams, grandmother of Ben Dillingham. That opportunity placed her on a lifelong path of painting murals, from the World's Fair in San Francisco to </span><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span class="NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2 BCX8 SCXW204045443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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"); background-position: left bottom; background-repeat: repeat-x; border-bottom: 1px solid transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">Ipapandi</span></span><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US"> Chapel on Chios Island, Greece, where her work was so beloved that the chapel's street was named after her.</span><span class="LineBreakBlob BlobObject DragDrop BCX8 SCXW204045443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #222222; font-family: WordVisiCarriageReturn_MSFontService, "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span class="BCX8 SCXW204045443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; white-space: pre !important;"> </span></span></p><p class="Paragraph BCX8 SCXW204045443" lang="EN-US" paraeid="{39e9957d-9754-4e0e-905f-da8f121515ac}{64}" paraid="1665391380" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: "Segoe UI", "Segoe UI Web", Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-kerning: none; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; user-select: text; vertical-align: baseline;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span class="LineBreakBlob BlobObject DragDrop BCX8 SCXW204045443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #222222; font-family: WordVisiCarriageReturn_MSFontService, "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span class="BCX8 SCXW204045443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; white-space: pre !important;"><br /></span></span></p><p class="Paragraph BCX8 SCXW204045443" lang="EN-US" paraeid="{39e9957d-9754-4e0e-905f-da8f121515ac}{64}" paraid="1665391380" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: "Segoe UI", "Segoe UI Web", Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-kerning: none; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; user-select: text; vertical-align: baseline;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span class="LineBreakBlob BlobObject DragDrop BCX8 SCXW204045443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #222222; font-family: WordVisiCarriageReturn_MSFontService, "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span class="BCX8 SCXW204045443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; white-space: pre !important;"><br /></span></span></p><p class="Paragraph BCX8 SCXW204045443" lang="EN-US" paraeid="{39e9957d-9754-4e0e-905f-da8f121515ac}{64}" paraid="1665391380" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: "Segoe UI", "Segoe UI Web", Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-kerning: none; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; user-select: text; vertical-align: baseline;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span class="LineBreakBlob BlobObject DragDrop BCX8 SCXW204045443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #222222; font-family: WordVisiCarriageReturn_MSFontService, "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9aDwVMvNqXPj9NKK1BMCKOdSYtcAkwGMfUb-QBdMoprWpCw1kpdQ-z62AVd0NHkVw9-Y_UjkPeqVe-YVj2v3NoPVUB4PPbL4TkltETZJEy86gOE-W230j1ggIFEtywS_JdvJCqp6YAxKm/" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="328" data-original-width="800" height="241" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9aDwVMvNqXPj9NKK1BMCKOdSYtcAkwGMfUb-QBdMoprWpCw1kpdQ-z62AVd0NHkVw9-Y_UjkPeqVe-YVj2v3NoPVUB4PPbL4TkltETZJEy86gOE-W230j1ggIFEtywS_JdvJCqp6YAxKm/w587-h241/image.png" width="587" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Juliette May Fraser</b><br /><span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #444444; font-size: 16px; text-align: start;"><i><span style="font-family: times;">Makahiki Ho'okupu<br /></span></i></span>1939<br />Charcoal and sanguine mural on masonite<br />Made for the 1939 San Francisco International Exposition, <br />presented to the Library in 1977 by the Hawaii Visitors Bureau and Chamber of Commerce<br /><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US"> Makahiki </span><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span class="NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2 BCX8 SCXW204045443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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"); background-position: left bottom; background-repeat: repeat-x; border-bottom: 1px solid transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">Ho'okupu</span></span><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US"> (Harvest Celebration) was created by Fraser in 1939 for the Hawaii pavilion at the San Francisco World's Fair. The 50-foot charcoal and sanguine mural (on 13 </span><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span class="NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2 BCX8 SCXW204045443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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"); background-position: left bottom; background-repeat: repeat-x; border-bottom: 1px solid transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">masonite</span></span><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US"> panels) depicting harvest and gift-giving ceremony remained in storage until 1980, when it was rededicated and placed in Hamilton Library on the artist's 93rd birthday.</span><span class="LineBreakBlob BlobObject DragDrop BCX8 SCXW204045443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span class="BCX8 SCXW204045443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; white-space: pre !important;"> </span></span></span></p><p class="Paragraph BCX8 SCXW204045443" lang="EN-US" paraeid="{39e9957d-9754-4e0e-905f-da8f121515ac}{64}" paraid="1665391380" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: "Segoe UI", "Segoe UI Web", Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-kerning: none; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; user-select: text; vertical-align: baseline;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span class="LineBreakBlob BlobObject DragDrop BCX8 SCXW204045443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #222222; font-family: WordVisiCarriageReturn_MSFontService, "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span class="LineBreakBlob BlobObject DragDrop BCX8 SCXW204045443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span class="BCX8 SCXW204045443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; white-space: pre !important;"><br /></span></span></span></p><p class="Paragraph BCX8 SCXW204045443" lang="EN-US" paraeid="{39e9957d-9754-4e0e-905f-da8f121515ac}{64}" paraid="1665391380" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: "Segoe UI", "Segoe UI Web", Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-kerning: none; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; user-select: text; vertical-align: baseline;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span class="LineBreakBlob BlobObject DragDrop BCX8 SCXW204045443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #222222; font-family: WordVisiCarriageReturn_MSFontService, "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span class="LineBreakBlob BlobObject DragDrop BCX8 SCXW204045443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span class="BCX8 SCXW204045443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; white-space: pre !important;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-variant-ligatures: none; white-space: normal;">At the University of Hawaii in Honolulu, Fraser's fresco 'Air', (ca 1953) is the largest and most complex of the frescoes in Bilger Hall, and depicts the land-linked culture that sustained early Hawaiian people.</span></span></span></span></p><p class="Paragraph BCX8 SCXW204045443" lang="EN-US" paraeid="{39e9957d-9754-4e0e-905f-da8f121515ac}{64}" paraid="1665391380" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: "Segoe UI", "Segoe UI Web", Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-kerning: none; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; user-select: text; vertical-align: baseline;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span class="LineBreakBlob BlobObject DragDrop BCX8 SCXW204045443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #222222; font-family: WordVisiCarriageReturn_MSFontService, "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><br class="BCX8 SCXW204045443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; white-space: pre !important;" /></span><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US">The work of </span><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span class="NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2 BCX8 SCXW204045443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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"); background-position: left bottom; background-repeat: repeat-x; border-bottom: 1px solid transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">kama'aina</span></span><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US"> (Hawaii born) Juliette May Fraser, can today be found in many Hawaii public buildings. In 1934-35, Faser executed a series of murals based on the legends of Hawaii for the Hawaii State Library. In 1934, she was invited to create a work of art for a public place by the Federal Work Progress Administration and the Federal Emergency Relief Administration which took a year to complete. For three months she received $35 a week to work on the project however, when the funds ran out, she continued on her own until the murals were completed. The murals, which extend from floor to ceiling, depict Hawaiian legends along with additional panels in the room which display various marine life and Hawaii flora and fauna. The murals were unveiled on March 14, 1935 to the general public.</span><span class="LineBreakBlob BlobObject DragDrop BCX8 SCXW204045443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #222222; font-family: WordVisiCarriageReturn_MSFontService, "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span class="BCX8 SCXW204045443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; white-space: pre !important;"> </span><br class="BCX8 SCXW204045443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; white-space: pre !important;" /></span><span class="TextRun EmptyTextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US"></span><span class="LineBreakBlob BlobObject DragDrop BCX8 SCXW204045443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #222222; font-family: WordVisiCarriageReturn_MSFontService, "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span class="BCX8 SCXW204045443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; white-space: pre !important;"> </span></span></p><p class="Paragraph BCX8 SCXW204045443" lang="EN-US" paraeid="{39e9957d-9754-4e0e-905f-da8f121515ac}{64}" paraid="1665391380" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: "Segoe UI", "Segoe UI Web", Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-kerning: none; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; user-select: text; vertical-align: baseline;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span class="LineBreakBlob BlobObject DragDrop BCX8 SCXW204045443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #222222; font-family: WordVisiCarriageReturn_MSFontService, "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6YEGqGvSNQ-6pbKHNCTIzf3_OcbtE3PbkSl254agDrbTh2PrCtYSBBFr4-isk_3sGFeY89OAHhXfDEjP5P07sWrcs1YmB0L0CUW3urjbILw9lQmXqb1UVtFMXCPZxLGM83o7hScPBrHAH/" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><b><img alt="" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="658" height="375" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6YEGqGvSNQ-6pbKHNCTIzf3_OcbtE3PbkSl254agDrbTh2PrCtYSBBFr4-isk_3sGFeY89OAHhXfDEjP5P07sWrcs1YmB0L0CUW3urjbILw9lQmXqb1UVtFMXCPZxLGM83o7hScPBrHAH/w308-h375/image.png" width="308" /></b></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Juliette May Fraser</b><br /><i>Hoonanea (Quiet Chat between Friends)</i><br />1944<br />Drypoint<br />6 x 5 inches<br />Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco</td></tr></tbody></table><br /></span></p><p class="Paragraph BCX8 SCXW204045443" lang="EN-US" paraeid="{39e9957d-9754-4e0e-905f-da8f121515ac}{64}" paraid="1665391380" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: "Segoe UI", "Segoe UI Web", Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-kerning: none; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; user-select: text; vertical-align: baseline;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US">Fraser is also noted for her printworks, and was associated with Honolulu Printmakers, which is said to be the oldest continuously active printmaking organization in the United States. The group was founded in 1928 by a group of local artists in an effort to encourage the art of printmaking in Hawaii. Each year, one of the organization's members is selected to create a special print. Along with Juliette May Fraser, some of the printmakers of yesteryear - John Melville Kelly, Huc-</span><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span class="NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2 BCX8 SCXW204045443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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"); background-position: left bottom; background-repeat: repeat-x; border-bottom: 1px solid transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">Mazelet</span></span><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US"> </span><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span class="NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2 BCX8 SCXW204045443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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"); background-position: left bottom; background-repeat: repeat-x; border-bottom: 1px solid transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">Luquiens</span></span><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US">, Cornelia Macintyre Foley, Isami Doi, Madge Tennant, Jean Charlot, John Young and others - became world-renowned artists, their prints now demanding much higher sums than the original $5 price.</span><span class="EOP BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #222222; 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margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCpSfLHzPDCqa79RX8iQzjkD2dnqKN7ayl4U2JUhqPDEnxzxVc9qnO_V3kFPF6OWdVnY7FdqV6Wumc-zWv9d-3Pz7Pd1FwgT-5HOie7_GbgAzdIQPoXLKgSjmKxYT4X8ur-XiNw3_Mdlea/" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1064" data-original-width="1600" height="361" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCpSfLHzPDCqa79RX8iQzjkD2dnqKN7ayl4U2JUhqPDEnxzxVc9qnO_V3kFPF6OWdVnY7FdqV6Wumc-zWv9d-3Pz7Pd1FwgT-5HOie7_GbgAzdIQPoXLKgSjmKxYT4X8ur-XiNw3_Mdlea/w543-h361/image.png" width="543" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #404040; text-align: start;"><b>Juliette May Fraser</b><br /> </span><i style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #404040; text-align: start;">Hawaiian Nativity<br /></i><span style="color: #404040; text-align: start;">1958<br /> Fresco<br /> 4 1/2 × 8 ft.<br /> St. Catherine’s Catholic Church, Kapaʻa, Kauai, Hawaii.<br /> Photo: Timothy T. De La Vega, 1999.</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /></span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr BCX8 SCXW204045443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: white; clear: both; cursor: text; direction: ltr; font-family: "Segoe UI", "Segoe UI Web", Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative; user-select: text;"><p class="Paragraph BCX8 SCXW204045443" lang="EN-US" paraeid="{e001e6e5-f8d9-48b8-81a4-42d026313ebb}{145}" paraid="1824018323" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-kerning: none; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; user-select: text; vertical-align: baseline;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #404040; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US">In 1958, Fraser created the above mural for the newly built St. Catherine’s Catholic Church in </span><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #404040; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span class="NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2 BCX8 SCXW204045443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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"); background-position: left bottom; background-repeat: repeat-x; border-bottom: 1px solid transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">Kapa‘a</span></span><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #404040; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US">, Kauai, commonly referred to as </span><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #404040; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US">Hawaiian Nativity</span><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #404040; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US">. Covering the makai (sea-facing) wall, it shows Hawaiians of various ethnicities presenting </span><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #404040; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span class="NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2 BCX8 SCXW204045443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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"); background-position: left bottom; background-repeat: repeat-x; border-bottom: 1px solid transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">ho‘okupu</span></span><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #404040; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US"> (gifts) to the newborn Christ child, who sits on his mother’s lap. </span><span class="EOP BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #404040; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"> </span><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; color: #404040; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US">She wanted the painting to be modern and “international in flavor,” she </span><a class="Hyperlink BCX8 SCXW204045443" href="https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/77119193.pdf" rel="noreferrer noopener" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; user-select: text;" target="_blank"><span class="TextRun Underlined BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #0563c1; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-ccp-charstyle="Hyperlink" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">said</span></span></a><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; color: #404040; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US">, reflecting Hawaii’s ethnic diversity.</span><span class="EOP BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; color: #404040; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"> </span></p><p class="Paragraph BCX8 SCXW204045443" lang="EN-US" paraeid="{e001e6e5-f8d9-48b8-81a4-42d026313ebb}{145}" paraid="1824018323" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-kerning: none; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; user-select: text; vertical-align: baseline;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span class="EOP BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; color: #404040; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><br /></span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr BCX8 SCXW204045443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: white; clear: both; cursor: text; direction: ltr; font-family: "Segoe UI", "Segoe UI Web", Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative; user-select: text;"><p class="Paragraph BCX8 SCXW204045443" lang="EN-US" paraeid="{8bf034e2-a39b-47ad-8388-01ac2046f635}{146}" paraid="1545863972" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-kerning: none; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; user-select: text; vertical-align: baseline;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #404040; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US">Instead of a donkey, a jeep has brought the holy couple, who are portrayed as Native Hawaiian, to the place of their son’s birth. The license plate reads, “4-20-58,” the date on which St. Catherine’s was dedicated. Mary wears a </span><a class="Hyperlink BCX8 SCXW204045443" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muumuu" rel="noreferrer noopener" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; user-select: text;" target="_blank"><span class="TextRun Underlined BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #0563c1; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-ccp-charstyle="Hyperlink" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">muumuu</span></span></a><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #404040; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US"> and lei, while Joseph stands behind her with a sugar cane stalk. “The Holy Child is </span><a class="Hyperlink BCX8 SCXW204045443" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hapa" rel="noreferrer noopener" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; user-select: text;" target="_blank"><span class="TextRun Underlined BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #0563c1; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-ccp-charstyle="Hyperlink" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">hapa</span></span></a><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #404040; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US"> [mixed race] with blond hair and strong Polynesian features,” writes Anthony Sommer in the </span><a class="Hyperlink BCX8 SCXW204045443" href="http://archives.starbulletin.com/1999/12/27/features/index.html" rel="noreferrer noopener" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; user-select: text;" target="_blank"><span class="TextRun Underlined BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #0563c1; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-ccp-charstyle="Hyperlink" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">1999 article for the </span></span><span class="TextRun Underlined BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #0563c1; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-ccp-charstyle="Hyperlink" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">Honolulu Star-Bulletin</span></span></a><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #404040; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">that introduced me to this painting. That Jesus’s skin tone is the lightest of the bunch might be regarded by some as problematic, a subtle reinforcer of racial hierarchy. However, it might be the artist’s attempt to show a multiracial Christ, bearing the features of different peoples.</span></span><span class="EOP BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #404040; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"> </span></p><p class="Paragraph BCX8 SCXW204045443" lang="EN-US" paraeid="{8bf034e2-a39b-47ad-8388-01ac2046f635}{146}" paraid="1545863972" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-kerning: none; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; user-select: text; vertical-align: baseline;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span class="EOP BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; 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-webkit-user-drag: none; color: #404040; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US">In Fraser’s fresco, </span><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #404040; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span class="NormalTextRun ContextualSpellingAndGrammarErrorV2 BCX8 SCXW204045443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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"); background-position: left bottom; background-repeat: repeat-x; border-bottom: 1px solid transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">locals</span></span><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #404040; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US"> approach with </span><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #404040; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span class="NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2 BCX8 SCXW204045443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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"); background-position: left bottom; background-repeat: repeat-x; border-bottom: 1px solid transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">ho‘okupu</span></span><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #404040; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US">, the fruits of their personal labors given freely as offerings in expression of gratitude, respect, and aloha. Filipino fishermen present their freshest catch, and Portuguese goatherds (as the artist identified them) come with their flocks; they are greeted by a Chinese angel in a T-shirt, jeans, a sideways ballcap, and flip-flops. From the right, a Hawaiian </span><a class="Hyperlink BCX8 SCXW204045443" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali%CA%BBi" rel="noreferrer noopener" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; user-select: text;" target="_blank"><span class="TextRun Underlined BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #0563c1; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-ccp-charstyle="Hyperlink" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">ali‘i</span></span></a><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #404040; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US"> (</span><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #404040; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span class="NormalTextRun ContextualSpellingAndGrammarErrorV2 BCX8 SCXW204045443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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"); background-position: left bottom; background-repeat: repeat-x; border-bottom: 1px solid transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">hereditary</span></span><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #404040; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US"> noble) comes with the gift of an </span><a class="Hyperlink BCX8 SCXW204045443" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BBAhu_%CA%BBula" rel="noreferrer noopener" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; user-select: text;" target="_blank"><span class="TextRun Underlined BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #0563c1; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-ccp-charstyle="Hyperlink" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">ʻahu ʻula</span></span></a><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #404040; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US"> (</span><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #404040; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span class="NormalTextRun ContextualSpellingAndGrammarErrorV2 BCX8 SCXW204045443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4wIiBlbmNvZGluZz0iVVRGLTgiPz4KPHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iNXB4IiBoZWlnaHQ9IjNweCIgdmlld0JveD0iMCAwIDUgMyIgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4xIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHhtbG5zOnhsaW5rPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8xOTk5L3hsaW5rIj4KICAgIDwhLS0gR2VuZXJhdG9yOiBTa2V0Y2ggNTUuMiAoNzgxODEpIC0gaHR0cHM6Ly9za2V0Y2hhcHAuY29tIC0tPgogICAgPHRpdGxlPmdyYW1tYXJfZG91YmxlX2xpbmU8L3RpdGxlPgogICAgPGRlc2M+Q3JlYXRlZCB3aXRoIFNrZXRjaC48L2Rlc2M+CiAgICA8ZyBpZD0iZ3JhbW1hcl9kb3VibGVfbGluZSIgc3Ryb2tlPSJub25lIiBzdHJva2Utd2lkdGg9IjEiIGZpbGw9Im5vbmUiIGZpbGwtcnVsZT0iZXZlbm9kZCIgc3Ryb2tlLWxpbmVjYXA9InJvdW5kIj4KICAgICAgICA8ZyBpZD0iR3JhbW1hci1UaWxlLUNvcHkiIHN0cm9rZT0iIzMzNTVGRiI+CiAgICAgICAgICAgIDxwYXRoIGQ9Ik0wLDAuNSBMNSwwLjUiIGlkPSJMaW5lLTItQ29weS0xMCI+PC9wYXRoPgogICAgICAgICAgICA8cGF0aCBkPSJNMCwyLjUgTDUsMi41IiBpZD0iTGluZS0yLUNvcHktMTEiPjwvcGF0aD4KICAgICAgICA8L2c+CiAgICA8L2c+Cjwvc3ZnPg=="); background-position: left bottom; background-repeat: repeat-x; border-bottom: 1px solid transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">feathered</span></span><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #404040; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US"> cloak), made only for royalty. He stands in line behind a child who offers Jesus a lei (flower garland). Traditionally, </span><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #404040; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span class="NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2 BCX8 SCXW204045443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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"); background-position: left bottom; background-repeat: repeat-x; border-bottom: 1px solid transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">ho‘okupu</span></span><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #404040; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US"> are given to an </span><a class="Hyperlink BCX8 SCXW204045443" href="http://wehewehe.org/gsdl2.85/cgi-bin/hdict?d=D702&l=en&e=d-11000-00---off-0hdict--00-1----0-10-0---0---0direct-10-ED--4--textpukuielbert%2Ctextmamaka-----0-1l--11-haw-Zz-1---Zz-1-home-akua--00-3-1-00-0--4----0-0-11-00-0utfZz-8-00#:~:text=%5BHawaiian%20Dictionary(Hwn%20to%20Eng,%3B%20divine%2C%20supernatural%2C%20godly." rel="noreferrer noopener" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; user-select: text;" target="_blank"><span class="TextRun Underlined BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #0563c1; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-ccp-charstyle="Hyperlink" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">akua</span></span></a><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #404040; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">(god), king, priest, doctor, or host, so this painting acknowledges Jesus as fulfilling all those roles.</span></span><span class="EOP BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #404040; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"> </span></p><p class="Paragraph BCX8 SCXW204045443" lang="EN-US" paraeid="{8bf034e2-a39b-47ad-8388-01ac2046f635}{190}" paraid="126554662" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: "Segoe UI", "Segoe UI Web", Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-kerning: none; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; user-select: text; vertical-align: baseline;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span class="EOP BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #404040; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><br /></span></p><p class="Paragraph BCX8 SCXW204045443" lang="EN-US" paraeid="{8bf034e2-a39b-47ad-8388-01ac2046f635}{190}" paraid="126554662" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: "Segoe UI", "Segoe UI Web", Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-kerning: none; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; user-select: text; vertical-align: baseline;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span class="EOP BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #404040; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: "Segoe UI", "Segoe UI Web", Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidKeJsvCFcGsCMIPKMGPSnXpz0O_l9RAtI0lkB1XgWQUPHgaWXinH-LdrtMMMwFx_gAx6zlzIlZglspfcRB8wP_5giAdoAcTCuKSpUAZVowe2TfDe-g8KtqubcSdhyk31fEazZrfkEq9Tm/" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="353" data-original-width="282" height="354" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidKeJsvCFcGsCMIPKMGPSnXpz0O_l9RAtI0lkB1XgWQUPHgaWXinH-LdrtMMMwFx_gAx6zlzIlZglspfcRB8wP_5giAdoAcTCuKSpUAZVowe2TfDe-g8KtqubcSdhyk31fEazZrfkEq9Tm/w283-h354/image.png" width="283" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: "Segoe UI", "Segoe UI Web", Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Segoe UI", "Segoe UI Web", Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Segoe UI", "Segoe UI Web", Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Segoe UI", "Segoe UI Web", Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Segoe UI", "Segoe UI Web", Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Segoe UI", "Segoe UI Web", Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Segoe UI", "Segoe UI Web", Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Segoe UI", "Segoe UI Web", Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Segoe UI", "Segoe UI Web", Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Segoe UI", "Segoe UI Web", Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Segoe UI", "Segoe UI Web", Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Segoe UI", "Segoe UI Web", Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Segoe UI", "Segoe UI Web", Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Segoe UI", "Segoe UI Web", Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Segoe UI", "Segoe UI Web", Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Segoe UI", "Segoe UI Web", Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Segoe UI", "Segoe UI Web", Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"> </span><span style="font-family: Segoe UI, Segoe UI Web, Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Segoe UI", "Segoe UI Web", Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Segoe UI", "Segoe UI Web", Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Segoe UI", "Segoe UI Web", Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"> <b> </b></span><b> <span style="font-family: times;">Juliette May Fraser</span></b></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr BCX8 SCXW204045443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: white; clear: both; cursor: text; direction: ltr; margin: 0px; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative; user-select: text;"><span style="font-family: times;"><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> <span> </span><i><span> </span></i></span><i>Kana Wrestling the Turtle</i></span></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr BCX8 SCXW204045443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: white; clear: both; cursor: text; direction: ltr; margin: 0px; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative; user-select: text;"><span style="font-family: times;"><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span>Fresco</span></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr BCX8 SCXW204045443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: white; clear: both; cursor: text; direction: ltr; margin: 0px; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative; user-select: text;"><span style="font-family: times;"><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span>1954</span></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr BCX8 SCXW204045443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: white; clear: both; cursor: text; direction: ltr; margin: 0px; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative; user-select: text;"><span style="font-family: times;"> Hawaii State Museum</span></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr BCX8 SCXW204045443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: white; clear: both; cursor: text; direction: ltr; font-family: "Segoe UI", "Segoe UI Web", Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; margin: 0px; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative; user-select: text;"><br /></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr BCX8 SCXW204045443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: white; clear: both; cursor: text; direction: ltr; font-family: "Segoe UI", "Segoe UI Web", Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; margin: 0px; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative; user-select: text;"><p class="Paragraph BCX8 SCXW204045443" lang="EN-US" paraeid="{8bf034e2-a39b-47ad-8388-01ac2046f635}{114}" paraid="910028193" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-kerning: none; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; user-select: text; vertical-align: baseline;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span class="TextRun EmptyTextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US"></span><span class="LineBreakBlob BlobObject DragDrop BCX8 SCXW204045443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #222222; font-family: WordVisiCarriageReturn_MSFontService, "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span class="BCX8 SCXW204045443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; white-space: pre !important;"> </span><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-size: 12pt;"><br class="BCX8 SCXW204045443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; white-space: pre !important;" /></span></span><span class="TextRun EmptyTextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US"></span><span class="LineBreakBlob BlobObject DragDrop BCX8 SCXW204045443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #222222; font-family: WordVisiCarriageReturn_MSFontService, "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span class="BCX8 SCXW204045443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; white-space: pre !important;"> </span><br class="BCX8 SCXW204045443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; white-space: pre !important;" /></span><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US">Juliette May Fraser died in July of 1983 in Honolulu, Hawaii at the age of 96.</span><span class="EOP BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"> </span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr BCX8 SCXW204045443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: white; clear: both; cursor: text; direction: ltr; font-family: "Segoe UI", "Segoe UI Web", Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative; user-select: text;"><p class="Paragraph BCX8 SCXW204045443" lang="EN-US" paraeid="{a479d86d-01a3-4304-b84c-b9ec552cfc81}{158}" paraid="560936986" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-kerning: none; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; user-select: text; vertical-align: baseline;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"></span></span><span class="EOP BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"> </span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr BCX8 SCXW204045443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: white; clear: both; cursor: text; direction: ltr; font-family: "Segoe UI", "Segoe UI Web", Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative; user-select: text;"><p class="Paragraph BCX8 SCXW204045443" lang="EN-US" paraeid="{a479d86d-01a3-4304-b84c-b9ec552cfc81}{171}" paraid="2044076981" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-kerning: none; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; user-select: text; vertical-align: baseline;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US">Sources________________________________________________________________</span><span class="EOP BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"> </span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr BCX8 SCXW204045443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: white; clear: both; cursor: text; direction: ltr; font-family: "Segoe UI", "Segoe UI Web", Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative; user-select: text;"><p class="Paragraph BCX8 SCXW204045443" lang="EN-US" paraeid="{39b4fef5-d144-48bc-ae24-05593164dad8}{101}" paraid="1744458111" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-kerning: none; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; user-select: text; vertical-align: baseline;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US">Juliette May Fraser, The Annex Galleries, </span><a class="Hyperlink BCX8 SCXW204045443" href="https://www.annexgalleries.com/artists/biography/740/Fraser/Juliette" rel="noreferrer noopener" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; user-select: text;" target="_blank"><span class="TextRun Underlined BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #0563c1; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-ccp-charstyle="Hyperlink" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">https://www.annexgalleries.com/artists/biography/740/Fraser/Juliette</span></span></a><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US">, retrieved April 19, 2021</span><span class="EOP BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"> </span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr BCX8 SCXW204045443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: white; clear: both; cursor: text; direction: ltr; font-family: "Segoe UI", "Segoe UI Web", Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative; user-select: text;"><p class="Paragraph BCX8 SCXW204045443" lang="EN-US" paraeid="{e001e6e5-f8d9-48b8-81a4-42d026313ebb}{79}" paraid="134778867" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-kerning: none; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; user-select: text; vertical-align: baseline;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US">The Watumull Foundation, Oral History Project, Interview with Juliette May Fraser, Honolulu, Hawaii, 1979.</span><span class="EOP BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"> </span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr BCX8 SCXW204045443" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: white; clear: both; cursor: text; direction: ltr; margin: 0px; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative; user-select: text;"><p class="Paragraph BCX8 SCXW204045443" lang="EN-US" paraeid="{24177ee6-2368-4649-9847-33a3f954c05e}{53}" paraid="738692707" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: "Segoe UI", "Segoe UI Web", Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-kerning: none; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; user-select: text; vertical-align: baseline;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US">Art & Theology</span><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; font-weight: bold; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US"> </span><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #404040; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US">Revitalizing the Christian imagination through painting, poetry, music, and more</span><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US">, </span><a class="Hyperlink BCX8 SCXW204045443" href="https://artandtheology.org/tag/juliette-may-fraser/" rel="noreferrer noopener" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; user-select: text;" target="_blank"><span class="TextRun Underlined BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="none" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; color: #0563c1; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-ccp-charstyle="Hyperlink" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">https://artandtheology.org/tag/juliette-may-fraser/</span></span></a><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;" xml:lang="EN-US">, retrieved April 19, 2021</span><span class="EOP BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont", "Times New Roman_MSFontService", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"> </span></p><p class="Paragraph BCX8 SCXW204045443" lang="EN-US" paraeid="{24177ee6-2368-4649-9847-33a3f954c05e}{53}" paraid="738692707" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; font-kerning: none; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; user-select: text; vertical-align: baseline;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span class="EOP BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont, Times New Roman_MSFontService, serif;">Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, https://art.famsf.org/juliette-may-fraser/hoonanea-means-quiet-chat-between-old-friends-l, retrieved April 19, 2021</span></span></p><p class="Paragraph BCX8 SCXW204045443" lang="EN-US" paraeid="{24177ee6-2368-4649-9847-33a3f954c05e}{53}" paraid="738692707" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; font-kerning: none; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; user-select: text; vertical-align: baseline;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span class="EOP BCX8 SCXW204045443" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont, Times New Roman_MSFontService, serif;">Mutual Art.com, </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont, Times New Roman_MSFontService, serif;">https://www.mutualart.com/Exhibition/Camouflage-Rhythms--Artwork-by-Juliette-/3597EABE2D690619, Honolulu Museum of Art, retrieved April 19, 2021</span></p></div>Dr. Viki Sonstegardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11802292306245900882noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4900135980218613100.post-84685124521529799942021-03-21T15:07:00.000-07:002021-03-21T15:07:10.480-07:00Shirley Ximena Hopper Russell: Painter and Printmaker of Hawaii<p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1Wv-16wZs91rTThf8j9SA2ttdcb0FU7ro00xn4yq2Bt7rPI_VS3czLaah-0iKidFsRCvciWYaJdNesqBtwonLfUCVULRkzuMpGDI74kyJeysgTOWsj3VcnkSIFI1svu8Ht8x83wuBCSx9/" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="403" data-original-width="601" height="215" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1Wv-16wZs91rTThf8j9SA2ttdcb0FU7ro00xn4yq2Bt7rPI_VS3czLaah-0iKidFsRCvciWYaJdNesqBtwonLfUCVULRkzuMpGDI74kyJeysgTOWsj3VcnkSIFI1svu8Ht8x83wuBCSx9/" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Shirley Marie Russell<br /></b><i>Untitled (Hawaiian Hut nestled in lush valley with palm trees)</i><br />ca 1938<br />Oil on canvas</td></tr></tbody></table><br />During the early twentieth century, there was a group of artists known as <i>The Seven</i>, a coalition of </span></span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: times; font-size: large;">Honolulu-based </span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: times; font-size: large;">female painters who first exhibited together in 1929. In ensuing posts, I'll explore each artist, from the founders, and those who participated in the shows, and their contribution to the art community in Hawaii and the world at large. </span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: times; font-size: large;">A</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: times; font-size: large;">lso known as </span><b style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: times; font-size: large;">Shirley Marie Russell</b><span style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: times; font-size: large;">, this American artist was best known for her paintings of Hawaii and her wide variety of subjects which included still lifes, landscapes, florals, portraits, and even a series of dolls. Her style combined an impressionistic style using broken brushwork and bright colors favored by the American regional impressionist painters during the early years of the 20th century, along with scenic Hawaiian subjects. </span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #202122;">A lifelong learner, p</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222;">ainter, and teacher, Shirley Russell was born in Del Rey, California, May 16, 1886, to a father who had served as a major in the Civil War. She attended Palo Alto High School, and then earned her BA from Stanford University where she first became interested in art. After marrying engineer Lawrence Russell in 1909, she gave birth to a son, John Preston Russell. Following the death of her husband in 1912, Russell began to paint and worked as a teacher in Palo Alto.</span></span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihUYvVMCbdc97J1quY127uhGtHBxf_6FdwxID41i6JBwY-qdWcgv4q_p84WhwSBcc-mEJZJZGa-726sUOxmWOR2b4kY7PX2nfsnCs8sCX2auB_KpyxRJsZCU7bedJ-TNFyTpxQJYxTvAP3/" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="480" height="344" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihUYvVMCbdc97J1quY127uhGtHBxf_6FdwxID41i6JBwY-qdWcgv4q_p84WhwSBcc-mEJZJZGa-726sUOxmWOR2b4kY7PX2nfsnCs8sCX2auB_KpyxRJsZCU7bedJ-TNFyTpxQJYxTvAP3/w258-h344/image.png" width="258" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Shirley Marie Russell</b><br /><i>Self-Portrait (Young)</i><br />ca 1920s (?)<br />Oil on canvas<br />30 x 24 inches</td></tr></tbody></table></span></span></p><p class="p1" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 1.25rem; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;"><span class="s1" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #222222;">After additional studies at the School of Arts and Crafts in Oakland, the California School of Fine Arts, and San Jose State University, she visited Hawaii with her son in 1921 and decided to stay. In Hawaii, she studied with Lionel Walden and, during the 1930s, she was able to study in Paris at La Grande Chaumiere, and the Academic Julian with Andre Lhote. She also travelled in Europe, Japan, Korea and Manchuria, and had additional studies with Rico Lebrun and Hans Hofmann fulfilling her desire to continue to grow and to keep abreast of new trends in the artworld.</span></span></span></p><p class="p1" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 1.25rem; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;"><span class="s1" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWciqxHEBropTXlBnYp_NxasQKyueAR3EsTyWYtSB5Ogi-i2R78GfYq1geSGXWEMGAeb94-s7iCZHdc3hzKvOtiDx9g-ShphlRa5FppIk-sOn7iniROGy2Q8G7CdjWtMD2JyP9pAGT8dys/" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="320" data-original-width="244" height="350" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWciqxHEBropTXlBnYp_NxasQKyueAR3EsTyWYtSB5Ogi-i2R78GfYq1geSGXWEMGAeb94-s7iCZHdc3hzKvOtiDx9g-ShphlRa5FppIk-sOn7iniROGy2Q8G7CdjWtMD2JyP9pAGT8dys/w267-h350/image.png" width="267" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Shirley Marie Russell</b><br /><i>White Ginger</i><br />ca 1940 <br />Woodblock/Woodcut<br />13 7/8 x 10 5/8 inches</td></tr></tbody></table></span></span></p><p class="p1" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 1.25rem; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;"><span class="s1" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;">Russell influenced a generation of students — including Satoro Abe and John Chin Young — as an art teacher at McKinley High School in Honolulu (1923-46) and continued her own artistic education by attending University of Hawaii summer sessions.</span></span></p><p class="p1" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 1.25rem; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;"><span class="s1" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-xsNOD-LIfl5UvwzDpJ0jdqe9QN-wdB5SOY55_kyMs5xQB0fnApWTngTJV70QnLhLd2Jyj20gLClAI_WS98WWzWgJA_3Lw32YDyhLUQ_POQj1-g-iS475IzueH9AMpCGWM1rMxJ_cww4Q/" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="297" data-original-width="300" height="301" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-xsNOD-LIfl5UvwzDpJ0jdqe9QN-wdB5SOY55_kyMs5xQB0fnApWTngTJV70QnLhLd2Jyj20gLClAI_WS98WWzWgJA_3Lw32YDyhLUQ_POQj1-g-iS475IzueH9AMpCGWM1rMxJ_cww4Q/w303-h301/image.png" width="303" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Shirley Marie Russell</b><br /><i>Hibiscus Harmony</i><br />ca 1960 <br />Oil on canvas</td></tr></tbody></table></span></span></p><p class="p1" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 1.25rem; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;"><span class="s1" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #222222;">During her lifetime Shirley Russell had solo exhibitions at The Honolulu Academy of Arts (1964), The Royal Hawaiian Gallery (1966) and participated in exhibits at the LA County Museum of Art and the Grand Palais Annual Juried Exhibition in Paris.</span></span></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgV3obnIbvPXwQ_JY8WwgP_qYo2_CrydyI3df8uIJM4bB1SBwGW0-pIyifPdlf7kUvw-tDanj4dggMjvmDf7Xq5RIYUTDFfsT6EpP67Lnyoy2dmZfxIvLDlR4q6isIu_Wo1RG2EDY58iBeR/" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="491" data-original-width="640" height="285" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgV3obnIbvPXwQ_JY8WwgP_qYo2_CrydyI3df8uIJM4bB1SBwGW0-pIyifPdlf7kUvw-tDanj4dggMjvmDf7Xq5RIYUTDFfsT6EpP67Lnyoy2dmZfxIvLDlR4q6isIu_Wo1RG2EDY58iBeR/w372-h285/image.png" width="372" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b style="background-color: white; font-family: times;">Shirley Marie Russell</b><br style="background-color: white; font-family: times;" /><i style="background-color: white; font-family: times;">Aloe</i><br style="background-color: white; font-family: times;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: times;">ca 1960 </span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: times;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: times;">Oil on canvas<br />24 x 30 inches</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p class="p1" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 1.25rem; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;"><span class="s1" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;">Although Russell was best known for her figurative works including tropical flowers, seascapes and portraits, she was an avid supporter of abstract art. Her Woodblock prints lean toward abstraction with their composition and tight crops.</span></span></p><p class="p1" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 1.25rem; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;"><span class="s1" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgU40c6AaPsG2ccn0QK_V7QqZnks1I2KIREsQxvGdV8AkVSJMXADyMfiU7iQC4hqIcleEBT7PxYzvL_iVpQ-HiMRFKoFPkXgPytd6I1BmwuAu4xg6MFV_YG8Zy91GGHWYs9UTxxQdLvraAw/" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="500" data-original-width="380" height="380" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgU40c6AaPsG2ccn0QK_V7QqZnks1I2KIREsQxvGdV8AkVSJMXADyMfiU7iQC4hqIcleEBT7PxYzvL_iVpQ-HiMRFKoFPkXgPytd6I1BmwuAu4xg6MFV_YG8Zy91GGHWYs9UTxxQdLvraAw/w288-h380/image.png" width="288" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Shirley Marie Russell</b><br /><i>Anthuriums</i><br />ca 1940 <br />Woodblock/Woodcut<br />14 1/2 x 11 inches</td></tr></tbody></table><br /></span></span></p><p class="p1" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 1.25rem; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;"><span class="s1" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;">An active painter until the very end of her life, Shirley Russell died in Honolulu in 1985 at the age of 98. Her career spanned seventy years and made her one of Hawaii's most popular painter/printmakers.</span></span></p><p class="p1" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 1.25rem; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;"><span class="s1" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpqqsM_EMQe4tC9zXM9WwIoUmTBuEK6fqz32Y0u5sm1e8-UXvb-x2y6D16-emz01UyFQjX9Aui9CT9C2pvC0cX3ww5lx_f05WPrk4F8SDQdXU93KfQA23_lYh1VsjySF_znFDYJjcnmDSW/" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="320" data-original-width="240" height="382" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpqqsM_EMQe4tC9zXM9WwIoUmTBuEK6fqz32Y0u5sm1e8-UXvb-x2y6D16-emz01UyFQjX9Aui9CT9C2pvC0cX3ww5lx_f05WPrk4F8SDQdXU93KfQA23_lYh1VsjySF_znFDYJjcnmDSW/w285-h382/image.png" width="285" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Shirley Marie Russell</b><br /><i>Self-Portrait (Young)</i><br />ca 1948<br />Oil on canvas<br />36 x 32 inches</td></tr></tbody></table><br /></span><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;">Her work can be found in the collections of The Contemporary Museum, Honolulu, the Hawaii State Art Museum, The Imperial Museum, Tokyo and the Honolulu Academy of Arts. More recently, </span></span></p><p class="p1" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 1.25rem; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Sources__________________________________________________________________</span></p><p class="p1" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 1.25rem; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Cedar Street Galleries, http://cedarstreetgalleries.com/bin/detail.cgi?ID=16919, retrieved 3/21/2021</span></p><p class="p1" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 1.25rem; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Isaacs Art Center, https://isaacsartcenter.hpa.edu/artist-works.php?artistId=158197&artist=John%20Webber, retrieved 3/21/2021</span></p><p class="p1" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 1.25rem; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">askArt, Shirley Marie Russell, https://www.askart.com/artist/Shirley_Marie_Russell/103726/Shirley_Marie_Russell.aspx, retrieved 3/21/2021</span></p><p class="p1" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 1.25rem; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Geringer Art, Ltd. https://www.geringerart.com/artists/shirley-ximena-hopper-russell/, retrieved 3/21/2021</span></p>Dr. Viki Sonstegardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11802292306245900882noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4900135980218613100.post-13126860306080037362020-12-23T10:55:00.000-08:002020-12-23T10:55:12.389-08:00Elizabeth W. Withington: Shadowcatcher<p><br /></p><p><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQGHp3f9EtGPqXcFtC_YjrZ8CAG2mudoJt6CtI2UsxihaKVE9Bwrf1lcob2lXa6nqhaGxTaWm5w3uFkF86xZYvECuFC6MRUsiS4rOeYbktOjtBifiNlW9o1FuhWjPGVQynBcl07j939lIc/" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1461" data-original-width="958" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQGHp3f9EtGPqXcFtC_YjrZ8CAG2mudoJt6CtI2UsxihaKVE9Bwrf1lcob2lXa6nqhaGxTaWm5w3uFkF86xZYvECuFC6MRUsiS4rOeYbktOjtBifiNlW9o1FuhWjPGVQynBcl07j939lIc/w256-h400/image.png" width="256" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Elizabeth W. Withington<br /></i><br /></td></tr></tbody></table></span><b><span style="font-family: Fredericka the Great; font-size: x-large;">P</span></b><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;">hotography is easily one of the most significant technological inventions in modern times and yet, there still exists a general impression that it is, and has always been, primarily a male-oriented profession. Women have been involved with the medium since its invention in 1839 and by the mid-1840s, several women were already well-established as professional commercial photographers in Boston, New York, and St. Louis. In 1850, according to </span><i style="font-family: times; font-size: large;">Humphrey's Daguerreian Journal</i><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;">, a total of seventy-one daguerreotype studios were listed in New York, "including 127 operators, also 11 ladies and 46 boys." Their fees, estimated by the editor of the journal, stated that men were paid $10 per week, women $5, and boys $1.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;">By 1920, the year women received the vote, the United States census recorded the surprising fact that approximately<b> 20 percent </b>of America's photographic work force was female. It's quite remarkable that women who were looking for a profession were afforded the opportunity to become financially independent by working as photographers and yet, so many remain unknown. Meet one nineteenth-century photographer: Elizabeth W. Withington, from the East and worked in the West.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333;">Elizabeth W. Kirby was born in New York City on March 17, 1825. Nothing is known of her life before the age of 20, when she married farmer and shingle maker George V. Withington of Monroe, Michigan. Withington joined the Gold Rush and moved to California in 1849. In 1852, Eliza traveled from St. Joseph, Missouri with her daughter to join him at a ranch that he was operating in Amador County, California. </span></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: times;"> Looking for ways to supplement the meager family income, Mrs. Withington noticed that the farming and mining areas were also fertile photography ground.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: times;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizANoWl_FwCxKmUJyjJBm6m1e9zMruDNjwwmOIcyQZ0RweBbXlUrprPa7MVMahW7ZcG_z0j1bKWy6ajIm6e6cQi-a4LRmcO3lhIZf42h9YhBH-IveLPn6LhiGGYCK73O42kTmQLvVn7Bbj/" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="213" data-original-width="330" height="206" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizANoWl_FwCxKmUJyjJBm6m1e9zMruDNjwwmOIcyQZ0RweBbXlUrprPa7MVMahW7ZcG_z0j1bKWy6ajIm6e6cQi-a4LRmcO3lhIZf42h9YhBH-IveLPn6LhiGGYCK73O42kTmQLvVn7Bbj/" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Elizabeth W. Withington</i><br />Business Card</td></tr></tbody></table><br /></span></span></p><p><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #575757;">In 1856, Elizabeth journeyed back to the East Coast for the express purpose of learning photography. She traveled throughout the Atlantic states after completing her studies and visited the galleries of the leading photographers of the day, including Matthew Brady's in New York City. E</span>arly the following year, she opened her Excelsior Ambrotype Gallery in Ione City, California. Inspiration was all around her: abundant stagecoach lines, railway stations, mills, breweries, restaurants, miners and farmers. </span></p><p><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYsBH7XiYOvmX5PVlKzSipM4KAStmVwZFShPPrAoOdskhRXLDt5SY8F2F5AuAbDGXLfI7MI09RLzcXasdsdcQKVAQ40HLSYEKyw-WxJHoLTF5rPJe4TlRRGtNVlppz06loYVYaf9kP4RGk/" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="268" data-original-width="400" height="268" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYsBH7XiYOvmX5PVlKzSipM4KAStmVwZFShPPrAoOdskhRXLDt5SY8F2F5AuAbDGXLfI7MI09RLzcXasdsdcQKVAQ40HLSYEKyw-WxJHoLTF5rPJe4TlRRGtNVlppz06loYVYaf9kP4RGk/w400-h268/image.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Elizabeth W. Withington</i><br />Miner's Camp<br />ca n.d.</td></tr></tbody></table></span></p><p><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: times; font-size: medium;">Back in those days, a female photographer was a novelty and curious locals were soon lining up to have their pictures “taken by a Lady!” Specializing in the wet collodion plate process, Withington captured stunning stereoscopic views of Silver Lake, California and its surrounding areas. She also indulged her artistic inclinations by teaching 'Oriental Pearl Painting' to the ladies, a popular parlor activity during the nineteenth century.</span></p><p><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtiMk457Thrj24nQZOqvZtRD6FYuABTsoIm8KqZpMI3W-q9TBw6va-85w7y8UptMioKBI9F66M4IAjGVjsak3bb5G8kz_VvQUqzK5WAZuIqPEQmOQJ3lYhnMPfhhNUA1E6wZH9JSgC3ZEY/" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1333" data-original-width="2048" height="289" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtiMk457Thrj24nQZOqvZtRD6FYuABTsoIm8KqZpMI3W-q9TBw6va-85w7y8UptMioKBI9F66M4IAjGVjsak3bb5G8kz_VvQUqzK5WAZuIqPEQmOQJ3lYhnMPfhhNUA1E6wZH9JSgC3ZEY/w447-h289/image.png" width="447" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Elizabeth W. Withington</i><br />Stereoscope<br />ca n.d.</td></tr></tbody></table><br />By 1871, Elizabeth and her husband were living separately and with her two daughters now grown, she could focus solely upon stereographic photography. Her mastery of wet collodion platemaking is evident in her mining town stereographs. In 1875, she became a member of the Photographic Art Society of the Pacific, and the following year, she wrote a fascinating account of her process in the article, "How a Woman Makes Landscape Photographs" which was featured in the <i>Philadelphia Photographer</i>. She described the arduous and highly technical tasks of preparing at least 50 albumenized 5 x 8 inch plates, making sure to place blotting paper between each to preserve them during transport. Her supplies included chemicals, a negative box, iron and wooden fixing and developing trays, and a Newell bathtub, all of which had to be moved gingerly over rigorous terrain by stagecoach. Elizabeth preferred Morrison lenses for landscapes and a Philadelphia box camera she lovingly referred to as “the pet.” Among her ingenious inventions was a "dark, thick dress skirt" often used as a makeshift developing tent and a black linen, cane-headed parasol (more for practicality than fashion) to protect her views from sun and wind and to assist in the unladylike activities of "climbing mountains and sliding into ravines."</span></p><p><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiJ_0RmrVTveTr2PMoVfk4JbrMkRSLGzyUWKXpoBq6qKE9nwxNYz2sNKiD9UwdlwevhNcZMBl0HhsghntXRqTfxlGlyIdoUqNLJbQ2apC6mLU38zb7Bn94CgJhcQv33rvoycjPqe4bw-2h/" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="195" data-original-width="400" height="310" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiJ_0RmrVTveTr2PMoVfk4JbrMkRSLGzyUWKXpoBq6qKE9nwxNYz2sNKiD9UwdlwevhNcZMBl0HhsghntXRqTfxlGlyIdoUqNLJbQ2apC6mLU38zb7Bn94CgJhcQv33rvoycjPqe4bw-2h/w640-h310/image.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i style="background-color: white;">Elizabeth W. Withington</i><br style="background-color: white;" /><span style="background-color: white;">Stereoscope</span><br style="background-color: white;" /><span style="background-color: white;">ca n.d.<br /><br /></span></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333;">Her article is considered one of the finest descriptions of landscape photography in the pioneer West. Shortly after it was published, Elizabeth succumbed to cancer, apparently suffering from the disease for several years. Withington died on March 4, 1877 in her adopted hometown of Ione City, just shy of her 52nd birthday. She left behind an impressive body of work that immortalizes the pioneering spirit of the Old West. Her photographs can be found in the collections of the Amador County Museum in Jackson, California; the Women in Photography International Archive in Arcata, California; the Huntington Library in San Marino, California; the International Museum of Photography at the George Eastman House in Rochester, New York; and the Princeton University Art Museum at McCormick Hall in Princeton, New Jersey.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: x-small;">Sources ___________________________________________________________</span></span></p><p><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: times; font-size: x-small;">Clio: Elizabeth W. Withington, Peter Palmquist, https://www.cliohistory.org/exhibits/palmquist/withington, retrieved 12/22/2020</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: times;">Elizabeth W. Withington at Historic Camera, </span></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: times;">http://historiccamera.com/cgi-bin/librarium2/pm.cgi?action=app_display&app=datasheet&app_id=2758, retrieved 12/22/2020</span></span></p><p><span style="color: #333333; font-family: times; font-size: x-small;"><i>Women Artists of the American West,</i> Susan R. Ressler, ed., McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, Jefferson, North Carolina and London, 2003, pp 203-204</span></p><p><span style="color: #333333; font-family: times;"><br /></span></p>Dr. Viki Sonstegardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11802292306245900882noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4900135980218613100.post-30315878043014205222020-12-18T10:52:00.002-08:002020-12-18T10:52:18.086-08:00Mary Ann Lehman: Etcher of Western Scenes<p><span style="font-family: times;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuJap1vOMPiL_3fSYQQnFCItz1f9WQM-lOL-xaUMPMYBA8C0D_3VsSGaf7niQDyYPHBntZ3jrrSYA0OhWB7Iq5iA6n91_-0oWDLRiMgg9ArMJpIwR1vnzFk0hXm5033bLtQFsF7u54KH75/" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="129" data-original-width="570" height="127" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuJap1vOMPiL_3fSYQQnFCItz1f9WQM-lOL-xaUMPMYBA8C0D_3VsSGaf7niQDyYPHBntZ3jrrSYA0OhWB7Iq5iA6n91_-0oWDLRiMgg9ArMJpIwR1vnzFk0hXm5033bLtQFsF7u54KH75/w563-h127/image.png" width="563" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Mary Ann Lehman</b><br /><i>Quiet Crow Camp</i><br />Etching<br />n.d.<br />2x10 inches</td></tr></tbody></table><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #666666;"><b><i>Mary Ann Lehman </i></b>was an American Western artist born near Spokane, Washington in 1920. She was best known for her etchings of horses and Western scenes enhanced with watercolor and oil. </span></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: times;">Lehman's creative work was predominantly influenced by modernism of the 1950s. Lehman</span><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; text-align: justify;"> was a member of the Los Angeles Art Association, the Palos Verdes Art Association, the Laguna Beach Art Association, and the Laguna Beach Festival of Art. She painted in oil in a heavy impasto style that has depth and texture.</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; text-align: justify;"> </span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwccB_0A6MDos7CMEuoLs1vPjfOOdaY5HcyEolxkVQ24X_6Q0Gp_s3Lmm42B6xanZGWKdEQsmkIH5jzn92VWcAR6A-KOVWtoAaeZQgiMLsDshaycBAQYIjn5ezzclgINyOCoiAnYv_qaaM/" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1432" data-original-width="1000" height="341" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwccB_0A6MDos7CMEuoLs1vPjfOOdaY5HcyEolxkVQ24X_6Q0Gp_s3Lmm42B6xanZGWKdEQsmkIH5jzn92VWcAR6A-KOVWtoAaeZQgiMLsDshaycBAQYIjn5ezzclgINyOCoiAnYv_qaaM/w237-h341/image.png" width="237" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Mary Ann Lehman</b><br /><i>Native American on Horse<br /></i>Oil<br />n.d.<br /><br /><br /></td></tr></tbody></table></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #666666;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Lehman was raised in the San Fernando Valley from the age of six. In 1938, she studied at The Otis Art Institute in downtown Los Angeles. During World War II, Lehman served as a sergeant in the Women's Army Corps located in Los Alamos, New Mexico. After the war, she married Joseph Lehman in 1946 and the couple settled in Lawndale, in the South Bay region of Los Angeles.</span></span></span></p><p><span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: times;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6UPpnJp4dxonkpjnBSkQ9Q5i5ijXgexSj5THlHT1I47XSEu012956noPE_t8FIWEu2OfnwLZD3lIhvK1k0xRia37tOWhp97w21x9XIypN6rEg8iQauBfyZThJCJ-KZerVC7ceFs39cYXQ/" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="720" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6UPpnJp4dxonkpjnBSkQ9Q5i5ijXgexSj5THlHT1I47XSEu012956noPE_t8FIWEu2OfnwLZD3lIhvK1k0xRia37tOWhp97w21x9XIypN6rEg8iQauBfyZThJCJ-KZerVC7ceFs39cYXQ/w426-h426/image.png" width="426" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Mary Ann Lehman</b><br /><i>California Oil Man on Horseback</i><br />Oil<br />Mid 20th century<br />18 x 24 inches<br /><br /></td></tr></tbody></table></span></p><p><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #666666;">Resuming her art training, Lehman studied at UCLA (1946), Chouinard School of Art, LA (1946-1951), and El Camino College, Torrance, CA (1956-1958). In the Post-War period the lens of modern art both nationally and internationally was connected with developments in New York City. The Second World War brought many leading artists in exile from Europe to New York, leading to a rich pool of talent and ideas. Notable European artists such as Pi</span><span style="background-color: white;">et Mondrian, Josef Albers and Hans Hoffmann provided inspiration for eager American artists and set the bar of much of the United States’ significant cultural growth in the subsequent decades. </span></span></p><p><span style="background-color: white; font-family: times;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHWWeDgJsiNr2Dkkr7uYSOqU7ylS9uZ1WYLxWghajUaRYlITNnlYRBKuQZ-hhOkvOTIQFl-uaKdjxYb_C2e2qhceW7xQ6WxUpAX7k6k2J1N5Ag8FMBO8JQRJwYJycXSqI976El50aOrc2M/" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: times;"><img alt="" data-original-height="104" data-original-width="550" height="119" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHWWeDgJsiNr2Dkkr7uYSOqU7ylS9uZ1WYLxWghajUaRYlITNnlYRBKuQZ-hhOkvOTIQFl-uaKdjxYb_C2e2qhceW7xQ6WxUpAX7k6k2J1N5Ag8FMBO8JQRJwYJycXSqI976El50aOrc2M/w627-h119/image.png" width="627" /></span></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: times;"><b>Mary Ann Lehman</b><br /><i>The Wild Ones</i><br />Etching<br />n.d.<br />2x14 inches<br /><br /></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white;">The 1950s can be said to have been dominated by Abstract Expressionism, a form of painting that </span><span style="background-color: white;">prioritized</span><span style="background-color: white;"> expressive brushstrokes and explored ideas about organic nature, spirituality and the sublime. Much of the focus was on the formal properties of painting, and ideas of action painting were conflated with the political freedom of the United States society as opposed to the strictures of the Soviet bloc. Key artists of the Abstract Expressionist Generation included Jackson Pollock (who innovated his famed drip, splatter and pour painting techniques), Willem de Kooning, Mark Rothko, Frank Kline, Barnett Newman, Clyfford Still and Adolph Gottlieb. It was a male-dominated environment, though necessary revisionism of this period has emphasized the contributions of female artists such as Lee Krasner, Joan Mitchell, and Louise Bourgeois.</span></span></p><p><span style="background-color: white; font-family: times;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5cKxGhP-PPfWw0svKrTb1s2Y3mP6SueReVa7fWVdWWGvv9knmGz5g7Unmlue0euhl2Bdexuxrh1Nw1GC9TMZfv9PwbjsWMGCmjQVleGiy7ACD3OHuTsgx7n8P735cc6yMi4Ugs8mtGWEn/" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="428" data-original-width="570" height="309" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5cKxGhP-PPfWw0svKrTb1s2Y3mP6SueReVa7fWVdWWGvv9knmGz5g7Unmlue0euhl2Bdexuxrh1Nw1GC9TMZfv9PwbjsWMGCmjQVleGiy7ACD3OHuTsgx7n8P735cc6yMi4Ugs8mtGWEn/w412-h309/image.png" width="412" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Mary Ann Lehman</b><br /><i>Big Daddy</i> ca 1977, <i>Bingo, Don Quixote</i> ca 1982<br />Color etchings<br />3 3/4 x 5 3/4 inches</td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></p><p><span style="background-color: white; font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #394f69;">Lehman also did freelance work including scratchboard illustrations for "</span><i style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #394f69;">Blood Horse Magazine</i><span style="color: #394f69;">".</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: times; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white;">In 1968, Lehman took up etching at the urginging of her instructor, Joe Mugniani. For the next fifteen years, she produced numerous etchings, often colored with oil or watercolor. Her lifetime interest in horses and the West is reflected in the works seen here. </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #394f69;">Mary Ann Lehman received first-place awards for both etchings and watercolors, and exhibition venues included Salt Lake City; Harrisburg, Pennsylvania; Memphis, Tennessee; and Albany, New York.</span></span></p><p><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #394f69; font-family: times; font-size: medium;">Her work has been exhibited at the annuls of the Death Valley Forty-niners, the Saddleback Inn, Santa Ana, CA, Fort Robinson, NE and Temecula, CA. </span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-small;">Sources______________________________________________________________________</span></p><p><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-small;">An Enclyclopedia of Women Artists of the American West, Phil Kovinick and Marian Yoshiki-Kovinick, University of Texas Press, Austin, 1998, p. 188-89.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-small;">AskArt, Mary Anna Lehman, https://www.askart.com/artist/Mary_Anna_Lehman/126986/Mary_Anna_Lehman.aspx, retrieved December 18, 2020.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-small;">MutualArt, Mary Anna Lehman, https://www.mutualart.com/Artist/Mary-Anna-Lehman/3F19F603DBE3E6B9, retrieved December 18, 2020.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="background-color: white; font-family: times;"><br /></span></p><p><br /></p>Dr. Viki Sonstegardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11802292306245900882noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4900135980218613100.post-60434618626418496682020-10-17T14:35:00.002-07:002020-10-30T12:09:30.746-07:00Dr. Viki found her Muse<p><br /></p><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBsSh6jGllW9ivNFt4hyphenhyphen_MBESX6sCz7jY1_3dfr5z_qMdb71imf9asldhUnkOB9gNvs-hoDAr_zpgl2pJei87LN61a62bQRqIGyQ19qmrqP0-pdkAnvVdcREVaYYddMwUeMwX6TWr7DWr3/s2048/me.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1504" height="203" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBsSh6jGllW9ivNFt4hyphenhyphen_MBESX6sCz7jY1_3dfr5z_qMdb71imf9asldhUnkOB9gNvs-hoDAr_zpgl2pJei87LN61a62bQRqIGyQ19qmrqP0-pdkAnvVdcREVaYYddMwUeMwX6TWr7DWr3/w149-h203/me.jpg" width="149" /></a></div><p></p></blockquote><p><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">S</span></b>ince I am a woman artist out west, I felt it's time for an update. This blog has been chugging along remarkably (sometimes with little help from me) since 2012! In the ensuing years, I wrote a 600 page dissertation and earned my Ph.D. in Art History, retired from teaching full-time, moved to Portland for a year with my husband and our hound, Charlie, moved back to Southern California and we sold our home, landing in Camarillo, just up the coast. I jumped into the activities offered by our new community with plans to continue to do adult ed and teach art and art history, and became site coordinator for the OLLI program through California State University, Channel Islands. Then, Covid-19 came along and shut everything down.</p><p>Now What? All the time that loomed before me. I tried to learn Italian by watching Alberto Arrighini, a terrific young man who, via YouTube video sessions, came up with a smart concept called the <i>Natural Method</i> and, it really works. However, I had no one to speak with so...my Italian has remained light, as in non-existent. I regularly say, "Che Palle" (my best line: "What a drag"). Then, I tried a bit of sewing (which I hate) repair on a couple of inherited quilts and frankly, yeah, no. I'll gladly pay someone else to do that. </p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-aRzD5Ni4eiHOoL4P745y1I2eyl2nj3-y6ASjdJUlSYXmRZsHiGVmOSJKjTGkFMbxFROqem2W8TmJvmuklrlnKkeauBUJvPOR-5o7qstnescW8zENMn7GG-FX55wlDCBY4rBB648NHvPc/s2048/reflect+painting.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-aRzD5Ni4eiHOoL4P745y1I2eyl2nj3-y6ASjdJUlSYXmRZsHiGVmOSJKjTGkFMbxFROqem2W8TmJvmuklrlnKkeauBUJvPOR-5o7qstnescW8zENMn7GG-FX55wlDCBY4rBB648NHvPc/s320/reflect+painting.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left;">During my last several teaching years, I picked up painting in earnest and played around with portraits, creating a series of Biblical heroines at a seminal moment in their stories. They turned out pretty well but now I have 10 or so 18x24 inch canvases sitting in my home studio that are unframed and still wrapped from the move. It occurred to me that something needed to happen...introspection and self-exploration. I thought about what I really love to look at and be around. Beauty was the answer. Where can I find the most inspirational beauty? For me, it's the ocean and the sky. Why not spend my time photographing and painting the two things in nature that move me most? </span></div><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVa_ouTOPGAtQBaSCQUbhn57s2zYhTs6z-nZDNkhUcKundNRs3bqX6LjKhL7bcQXCaQ5n5yccNy7ycc_GhFp6vyHMG0yPiUEuX_vIPfqLcVGikYQxjjeFBBqYpjHm-_SGOKf4bZGYtoYGn/s2048/lots+of+sand.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVa_ouTOPGAtQBaSCQUbhn57s2zYhTs6z-nZDNkhUcKundNRs3bqX6LjKhL7bcQXCaQ5n5yccNy7ycc_GhFp6vyHMG0yPiUEuX_vIPfqLcVGikYQxjjeFBBqYpjHm-_SGOKf4bZGYtoYGn/s320/lots+of+sand.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><p>Research was needed. I went online and came across a young woman who paints water and MAN, the paintings looked like photographs. Her name is Irina Cumberland and she is incredible. She has a course online with two demos and everything you might want to know about painting water and reflections. I took it and found it to be just challenging enough but not overwhelmingly impossible with a LOT of practice, practice, practice. There's still a long way to go but I have four finished pieces and three in process. Again, what to do with artwork that just piles up?</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgII7Y3XWBI-2pEd4sckpTjbDf0KDJHwxjJgFO8jcLXIogLOip__3n9gT8uOFld8HJY-pE_0cU7C5M-UkgurCe8Hl3sBXKufC6McMzzLjfQM3hhWgRxjvJru_xWzIPQv67L1reCxl63Ze4U/s2048/reflections+painting.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1536" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgII7Y3XWBI-2pEd4sckpTjbDf0KDJHwxjJgFO8jcLXIogLOip__3n9gT8uOFld8HJY-pE_0cU7C5M-UkgurCe8Hl3sBXKufC6McMzzLjfQM3hhWgRxjvJru_xWzIPQv67L1reCxl63Ze4U/s320/reflections+painting.jpg" /></a></div><p>I needed inspiration! Christa Cloutier, is an artist and teacher who runs workshops (now mostly online) and who created a series called <b>The Working Artist</b>. I watched <span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: #fafafa; color: #656565; font-size: 15px; text-align: center;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b style="font-style: italic;">Project Planning for Artist Brains </b>and, after following the steps and answering the questions she posed, for the first time ever, the proverbial light bulb came on. Actually, it was more like a Klieg Light...you know, like the ones used to sweep across the skies at a Hollywood premiere. </span></span></span></p><p><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: #fafafa; color: #656565; font-size: 15px; text-align: center;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVugoP8Ayntv5PYEF29EVGG1S_YwS0hJijmv9y8xUwl453EDWoFRGYbps-6nok_gSHvd0awjsRW0tShv90cd8sGu4RjLLYdTFqm0TQkBpjHHCqhMRD2JLncZf_saVtzukX6pVfLv6NmlJK/s2048/wave+painting.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1598" data-original-width="2048" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVugoP8Ayntv5PYEF29EVGG1S_YwS0hJijmv9y8xUwl453EDWoFRGYbps-6nok_gSHvd0awjsRW0tShv90cd8sGu4RjLLYdTFqm0TQkBpjHHCqhMRD2JLncZf_saVtzukX6pVfLv6NmlJK/s320/wave+painting.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><p></p><p><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: #fafafa; color: #656565; font-size: 15px; text-align: center;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">I've decided to market my work of the ocean, waves, beach scenes and reflections and donate a portion of any proceeds to the Surfrider Foundation, Ventura County Chapter, which is dedicated to the 43 miles of beach and ocean health, clean-up, and education here in Ventura County, where I live. I've been blessed to live within 20 miles of the coast nearly the entire time I've been in California and love everything about being close to the ocean. I got my logo/biz cards finished and now, will build a website for artwork. I needed direction and structure and wow, I finally seem have it!</span></span></span></p><p><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: #fafafa; color: #656565; font-size: 15px; text-align: center;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: #fafafa; color: #656565; font-size: 15px; text-align: center;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZcx1Y2kv9M0P6k9O8CxJdUy3CPU_VZNH0GqDv6ao_b0gHCo9LuADItJBuPnxRNvx502dZGq-aTJfWJmN5FKitZnM-Ll2y7ZYtQMG9MEyEdK7C4ezf_XgmZ0yH_YvepHo27OekV9M6YYnx/s2048/ArtSpeaks+front.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2029" data-original-width="2048" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZcx1Y2kv9M0P6k9O8CxJdUy3CPU_VZNH0GqDv6ao_b0gHCo9LuADItJBuPnxRNvx502dZGq-aTJfWJmN5FKitZnM-Ll2y7ZYtQMG9MEyEdK7C4ezf_XgmZ0yH_YvepHo27OekV9M6YYnx/s320/ArtSpeaks+front.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></span></div><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: #fafafa; color: #656565; font-size: 15px; text-align: center;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;"><br /><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgng3lpFVTylVtiG3IOq9Dnz3O70BmKOQ5pBgQsBUOawf2CAW8NyneWja9RfquJL-DoHiMhBnln3eiPdRYisjY55BlUiYOGR2uAMYyffFg5y9awweUw3l1UDp4IQ9OYorMlmN9K7VhyfupZ/s2048/Biz+Card+back.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2007" data-original-width="2048" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgng3lpFVTylVtiG3IOq9Dnz3O70BmKOQ5pBgQsBUOawf2CAW8NyneWja9RfquJL-DoHiMhBnln3eiPdRYisjY55BlUiYOGR2uAMYyffFg5y9awweUw3l1UDp4IQ9OYorMlmN9K7VhyfupZ/s320/Biz+Card+back.jpg" width="320" /></a></div></span><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><p></p><p><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: #fafafa; color: #656565; font-size: 15px; text-align: center;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Sources___________________________________________________________________________</span></span></span></p><p><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: #fafafa; text-align: center;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-size: 15px;"><span style="color: #656565;">Christa Cloutier: https://theworkingartist.com/</span></span></span></p><p><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: #fafafa; text-align: center;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-size: 15px;"><span style="color: #656565;">Alberto Arrighini: Italian for Americans: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKwAAjTVFRshAqEP6FiHsWg</span></span></span></p><p><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: #fafafa; text-align: center;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-size: 15px;"><span style="color: #656565;">Surfrider Foundation: https://ventura.surfrider.org/</span></span></span></p><p><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: #fafafa; text-align: center;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-size: 15px;"><span style="color: #656565;">Paintings by Me</span></span></span></p><p><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: #fafafa; color: #656565; font-size: 15px; text-align: center;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></span></p>Dr. Viki Sonstegardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11802292306245900882noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4900135980218613100.post-49990190802694954012020-08-21T16:34:00.000-07:002020-08-21T16:34:29.046-07:00Gene Kloss: Painter and Printmaker of the American West<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgc6SSv09wdIgkZ_cCoEh_ks5zIRjajpwv3lecDPk0qBJul1beC5cg-fqrBMxp_WeXhhyA-uj-h9rhUMBbkyD-5NySfDj7Y9xeBkyPAXn62rjVuvS2p0NnyHJmpZx2sENXto5r7oM72osm8/" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="441" data-original-width="348" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgc6SSv09wdIgkZ_cCoEh_ks5zIRjajpwv3lecDPk0qBJul1beC5cg-fqrBMxp_WeXhhyA-uj-h9rhUMBbkyD-5NySfDj7Y9xeBkyPAXn62rjVuvS2p0NnyHJmpZx2sENXto5r7oM72osm8/w316-h400/Gene+Kloss+at+press.jpg" width="316" /></a></div><span face="" style="font-family: "great vibes"; font-size: xx-large;">A</span>lice Geneva (Gene) Glasier Kloss was born in <span style="font-family: times;">Oakland, California and attended the local public schools. Determined to have a career in art, Kloss studied at the University of California, Berkeley, in 1923, where she discovered the art of etching. Berkeley is <span style="background-color: white; color: #202122;">where she perfected her skills as a painter under </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Boynton" style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); color: #0b0080; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Ray Boynton">Ray Boynton</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #202122;"> and was first introduced to </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Printmaking" style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); color: #0b0080; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Printmaking">printmaking</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #202122;"> by the renowned etcher, </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perham_Wilhelm_Nahl" style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); color: #0b0080; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Perham Wilhelm Nahl">Perham Wilhelm Nahl</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #202122;">. </span>After graduating in with honors 1924, she spent two years studying at the California School of Fine Arts, San Francisco and the College of Fine Arts in Oakland. </span><div><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #202122;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #202122;">Her first major solo exhibition, which included almost 100 etchings, oils, watercolors, block prints and monotypes, at the Berkeley League of Fine Arts in March 1926 was so popular that it was extended for a month.</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #202122;"> This was the start of a career which included over 70 exhibitions in the Bay Area, where her watercolors were as popular with critics as her etchings.</span></span><div><br /></div><div>Gene Glasier married Phillips Kloss, a writer and poet, in 1925 and on her honeymoon, she discovered the beauty of Taos, New Mexico after which she found her calling to document the landscape and the people. The couple made frequent trips to New Mexico where they eventually built an adobe home and divided their time between Berkeley and Taos. From the 1950s, with the exception of a five year stint in Cory, Colorado, until her death, Kloss was a year-round resident of New Mexico.</div><div><br /></div><div>The West dominated Kloss's art. In her early work, she created views of the San Francisco Bay Area; Sierra Nevada; Mendocino Coast; Mojave Desert; Lake Tahoe; and the Monterey Peninsula. She also produced studies of the Arizona Desert; Yellowstone Lake; Canadian Rockies; and the Colorado Rockies, however, her most recurring themes focused on the Northern New Mexico landscape and the Native Americans there. </div><div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisz3aXsn2FU2ZbdXrWmR2TNsgYPR0-yvUOBVIqRqB9TaGeVxk1WcE9pYuM_BfM-ItNGINnb9QvvGRA_ybCF2MiHvRZCDbW_GZPqLkU04jGX-P879xkVQG14N4RBM6WsyLB-1Sw9n2wBg7R/s1600/Old+Bridge+Etching.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1271" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisz3aXsn2FU2ZbdXrWmR2TNsgYPR0-yvUOBVIqRqB9TaGeVxk1WcE9pYuM_BfM-ItNGINnb9QvvGRA_ybCF2MiHvRZCDbW_GZPqLkU04jGX-P879xkVQG14N4RBM6WsyLB-1Sw9n2wBg7R/w318-h400/Old+Bridge+Etching.jpg" title="Old Bridge Etching" width="318" /></a></div><b><span style="font-size: small;"><span><div><b><span style="font-size: small;"><span><br /></span></span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: small;">Gene Kloss</span></b></div></span></span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i style="font-size: small;">The Old Bridge</i><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">(Her first print)</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">ca 1924</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: times; font-size: small;">4 & 1/2 x 3 & 1/2 inches</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">Etching</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #202122;">During the Depression from the years 1933 to 1944 Kloss was the sole etcher employed by the </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_Works_of_Art_Project" style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); color: #0b0080; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Public Works of Art Project">Public Works of Art Project</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #202122;">. Her series of nine New Mexico scenes from that period were reproduced and distributed to public schools across the state.</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #202122;"> She also created watercolors and oil paintings for the Works Progress Administration (WPA). </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #202122;">In 1935, she was one of three Taos artists who represented New Mexico at a Paris exhibition called "</span><i style="background-color: white; color: #202122;">Three Centuries of Art in the United States.</i><span style="background-color: white; color: #202122;">"</span></span></div><div><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div><div>Gene Kloss became a National Academician in 1972, exhibiting her work from 1924 until nearly the time of her passing, winning countless awards. In addition to umpteen group events, she had a large number of one-person shows, including those at the Berkeley Art League (1926), Oakland Gallery (1932), Crocker Gallery, Sacramento (1939), Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. (1945), Taos Art Association (1958), Museum of New Mexico, Santa Fe (1960), Birger Sandzen Memorial Museum, Lindsborg, KS (1966), Muckenthaler Cultural Center, Fullerton, CA, (1980), Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. (1988) and Harwood Gallery, University of New Mexico, Taos (1994). </div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGdS-MU1Tns1J2PCd82QfZ3wh9vcJ2NooP5A3Zvi-CQ1iX-XOz6gNXYoMVkQKApfV-KaoJg06JyobruWYzZPX6bqEpQJ4p9FYeFM8NERfCqrCUVKq6b9lD7ggtdCu6HMmnKepBAM6VNCOv/s1200/Approaching+Storm.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="870" data-original-width="1200" height="371" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGdS-MU1Tns1J2PCd82QfZ3wh9vcJ2NooP5A3Zvi-CQ1iX-XOz6gNXYoMVkQKApfV-KaoJg06JyobruWYzZPX6bqEpQJ4p9FYeFM8NERfCqrCUVKq6b9lD7ggtdCu6HMmnKepBAM6VNCOv/w513-h371/Approaching+Storm.jpg" width="513" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Gene Kloss</b></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i>Approaching Storm</i></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">ca. n.d.</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">Watercolor</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">18 x 24 inches</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHZCB4yR47snsuRZwF1Zf14ijPaHacPioV1ysBL6TwJu2fzgCUvw_6XElJ_7ZFm9A0BxA3_85ugOISqHXS_CxBVqxeUJ_SmxAEaMVJBpHjyeUmQoOABCgj2aGrmPLDPFKmH679sZ4PZt5m/s960/klossmorningsnowcr_org_master.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="960" height="513" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHZCB4yR47snsuRZwF1Zf14ijPaHacPioV1ysBL6TwJu2fzgCUvw_6XElJ_7ZFm9A0BxA3_85ugOISqHXS_CxBVqxeUJ_SmxAEaMVJBpHjyeUmQoOABCgj2aGrmPLDPFKmH679sZ4PZt5m/w513-h513/klossmorningsnowcr_org_master.jpg" width="513" /></a></div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: small;"><b>Gene Kloss</b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: small;"><i>Morning After Snowfall</i></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: small;">ca 1947</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: small;">Drypoint</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3; color: #222222; text-align: start; white-space: pre-line;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: small;">10" x 14 inches</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3; color: #222222; text-align: start; white-space: pre-line;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: small;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8j8PtW_ENRNWBoJljoUxPOYW8Hf_Kdj58o86k13ng791VrmPGg02SzF1HDqcoTagmme4uTUyiFN8ZkbP_k9-cYVut1ETkW8PzCJ14EJcmIsX6JSlPbC4xVUj0s7DUx7QroAzN6ibWYE9v/s680/Courtyard+in+Chimayo.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="580" data-original-width="680" height="437" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8j8PtW_ENRNWBoJljoUxPOYW8Hf_Kdj58o86k13ng791VrmPGg02SzF1HDqcoTagmme4uTUyiFN8ZkbP_k9-cYVut1ETkW8PzCJ14EJcmIsX6JSlPbC4xVUj0s7DUx7QroAzN6ibWYE9v/w512-h437/Courtyard+in+Chimayo.jpeg" width="512" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: small;">Gene Kloss</span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: small;">Courtyard in Chimayo</span></i></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">ca 1973</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: grey; font-family: "Proxima N W01 Light";"><span style="font-size: small;">7-1/4 x 8-3/4</span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: grey; font-family: "Proxima N W01 Light";"><span style="font-size: small;">Etching</span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: grey; font-family: "Proxima N W01 Light";"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: grey; font-family: "Proxima N W01 Light";">Here's a link to an interview with Kloss:</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: grey; font-family: "Proxima N W01 Light";"><a href="#" id="Smithsonian Archives of American Art" name="Smithsonian Archives of American Art">http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/interviews/oral-history-interview-gene-closs-11934</a></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: grey; font-family: "Proxima N W01 Light";"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: grey; font-family: Proxima N W01 Light; font-size: small;"><span style="background-color: white;">Sources_______________________________________________________________________</span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: grey; font-family: Proxima N W01 Light; font-size: small;"><span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: grey; font-family: Proxima N W01 Light; font-size: small;"><span style="background-color: white;">An Encyclopedia of Women Artists of the American West, Phil Kovinik and Marion Yoshiki Kovinik, University of Texas Press, Austin, 1998, p. 176</span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: grey; font-family: Proxima N W01 Light; font-size: small;"><span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: grey; font-family: Proxima N W01 Light;"><span style="background-color: white;">1stDibs, </span></span><a href="https://www.1stdibs.com/furniture/wall-decorations/prints/taos-artist-gene-kloss-original-drypoint-morning-after-snowfall/id-f_6100573/">https://www.1stdibs.com/furniture/wall-decorations/prints/taos-artist-gene-kloss-original-drypoint-morning-after-snowfall/id-f_6100573/</a>, retrieved August 21, 2020</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;">The Owings Gallery, <a href="https://www.owingsgallery.com/artists/gene-kloss">https://www.owingsgallery.com/artists/gene-kloss</a>, retrieved August 21, 2020</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div></div>Dr. Viki Sonstegardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11802292306245900882noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4900135980218613100.post-89974514826389821982020-03-31T20:04:00.001-07:002020-04-01T11:18:36.667-07:00Augusta Savage: Sculptor, Instructor, Activist, Inspiration<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="background-color: white;">In light of the incredibly challenging times in which we are living, the Arts sustain us. Artists interpret, create, and provide hope for a somber world that seeks light. Augusta Savage was a woman who overcame tremendous difficulties over the course of her entire life. She prevailed, never giving into what seemed to be insurmountable obstacles that stood squarely in her way, and became a notable artist whose work was internationally celebrated during her lifetime. </span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="background-color: white;">I discovered Savage's name and body of work during my search for artists to explore for my PhD. dissertation. The deeper I delved into Augusta Savage's remarkable life and artwork, the more frustrated I became that almost NO ONE knew of her. How could that be? Periodically, she seems to be "rediscovered" and it appears that Savage 's work is enjoying another small renaissance. Her work was the focus of a recent exhibition at the New York Historical Society that ran from </span><span style="background-color: #fefefe;">May 3 - July 28, 2019. </span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: #fefefe;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Artist Augusta Savage overcame poverty, racism, and sexual discrimination to become one of America’s most influential 20th-century artists. Her sculptures celebrate African American culture, and her work as an arts educator, activist, and Harlem Renaissance leader catalyzed social change.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="background-color: #fefefe;">While Savage is a "Right Coast" artist, she's unquestionably perfect to profile now. Let's take a look at her life and work!</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="background-color: white;">"I have created nothing really beautiful, really lasting, but if I can inspire one of these youngsters to develop the talent I know they possess, then my monument will be in their work."—T. R. Poston, "Augusta Savage," </span><i style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box;">Metropolitan Magazine,</i><span style="background-color: white;"> Jan. 1935, n.p. </span></span><br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Augusta Savage at work</b></td></tr>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9ouprWsg6YAD6YBPCRvXWjOl2Gour49HMnH3BnsYChszLcSg-TmfA65pk4190Qn0r_X7BJqm-sUoEehNCd_BhRoUqgf_hap4Hks_14jnedqceZyOSHANBzAL7ZucEWcN_spTH3iAchz2c/s1600/savage.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"></span></a></div>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Born Augusta Christine Fells in Green Cove Springs, Florida, on February 29, 1892, she was the seventh of fourteen children of Cornelia and Edward Fells. </span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Searching for something to do, she would head over to the nearby Clay County Brick works. In their attempt to keep her safe he workers would chase her away from the drying tunnels and scorching ovens, and to keep her away they would give her a bucket of clay. Augusta would spend hours shaping animals, especially ducks, and set them in the sun to dry. </span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Her father, Edward Fells, a poor fundamentalist Methodist minister, strongly opposed his daughter's early interest in art. </span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">He viewed her small clay figures as graven images and punished her for creating them. Savage later recalled her father beating her several times a week; "He nearly whipped all the art out of me," she claimed.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="background-color: white;">This seems to be the recurring cycle of Augusta’ Savage's life – every advance in her artistic achievement seemed to be followed by bitter disappointment. Her personal life was not particularly stable. I</span><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 16px;">n 1907 she married John T. Moore, and the following year her only child, Irene, was born. Moore died several years after Irene's birth. In about 1915, she married James Savage, a carpenter whose surname she retained after their divorce during the early 1920s. In 1923, Savage married Robert L. Poston, her third and final husband, an associate of Marcus Garvey. Poston died in 1924.</span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Savage's father moved his family from Green Cove Springs to West Palm Beach, Florida, in 1915. Lack of encouragement from her family and the scarcity of local clay meant that Savage did not sculpt for nearly four years. In 1919, a local potter provided clay from which she modeled a group of figures that she entered in the West Palm Beach County Fair. The figures were awarded a special prize and a ribbon of honor. Encouraged by her success, Savage moved to Jacksonville, Florida, where she hoped to support herself by sculpting portrait busts of prominent blacks in the community. When that patronage did not materialize, Savage left her daughter in the care of her parents and moved to New York City</span></span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 17px;"> with just $4.60. She relocated to Harlem, cleaned houses to pay her rent, and studied at The Cooper Union School of Art.</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitRiFfQrH8urjhCoO-u_IxY2ViVXuVGXw9yeQstG9OQr8ErtVvM2uivbxhTVlj3YHKSWjXHEUBb0hM4ekCTnFKPmpMoB5DGCktCYTZ6tynUlCoJnSRW-MToVhpWUfHyijO1bLvPTr7Tn1i/s1600/augusta-savage-gamin.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="788" data-original-width="524" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitRiFfQrH8urjhCoO-u_IxY2ViVXuVGXw9yeQstG9OQr8ErtVvM2uivbxhTVlj3YHKSWjXHEUBb0hM4ekCTnFKPmpMoB5DGCktCYTZ6tynUlCoJnSRW-MToVhpWUfHyijO1bLvPTr7Tn1i/s320/augusta-savage-gamin.jpg" width="212" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Augusta Savage</b><br />
<i>Gamin</i><br />
ca. 1920s<br />
Painted plaster</td></tr>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">During the mid-1920s when the Harlem Renaissance was at its peak, Savage lived and worked in a small studio apartment where she earned a reputation as a portrait sculptor, completing busts of prominent personalities such as W. E. B. Du Bois and Marcus Garvey. </span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Her best-known work of the 1920s was </span><i style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Gamin</i><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">, above, an informal portrait bust of her nephew, for which she was awarded a Julius Rosenwald Fellowship to study abroad.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The scholarship she received was to attend the Fontainebleau</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> School of the Arts in Paris, however, when the American selection committee discovered she was black, they rescinded the offer, fearing objections from Southern white women who had also been accepted. The reasoning was the white women "would feel uncomfortable sharing accommodations on the ship, sharing a studio, sharing living spaces...</span><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Savage managed to get to Paris and had two works accepted for the Salon d'Automne and exhibited at the Grand Palais in Paris. In 1931 Savage won a second Rosenwald fellowship, which permitted her to remain in Paris for an additional year. She also received a Carnegie Foundation grant for eight months of travel in France, Belgium, and Germany.</span></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgT6PVGfHbuumzCd1GuTagxOKjhxQNwo9BI1Fea09yZQf0AcfdaOTGinm-wY-Qr3mQpj6emLyM0T1mAVGIPcPeF7xmdHJ8Ff4ule56kMHPhqY69IkkNbO1-w2_3G8wnLykLWDdwTVNmEpNM/s1600/image29.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="711" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgT6PVGfHbuumzCd1GuTagxOKjhxQNwo9BI1Fea09yZQf0AcfdaOTGinm-wY-Qr3mQpj6emLyM0T1mAVGIPcPeF7xmdHJ8Ff4ule56kMHPhqY69IkkNbO1-w2_3G8wnLykLWDdwTVNmEpNM/s400/image29.jpg" width="277" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Augusta Savage</b><br />
<i>Gwendolyn Knight</i><br />
ca. 1934-35<br />
18 1/2 x 8 1/2 x 9 inches<br />
Painted plaster</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #081f2c; font-size: 16px;">Following her return to New York in 1932, Savage established the Savage Studio of Arts and Crafts and became an influential teacher in Harlem. In 1934 she became the first African-American member of the National Association of Women Painters and Sculptors. </span></span><br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Augusta Savage</b><br />
<i>Harlem Girl (Lenore)</i><br />
ca. 1935<br />
Painted Plaster</td></tr>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #081f2c; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 16px;">In 1937 Savage's career took a critical turn. She was appointed the first director of the Harlem Community Art Center and was commissioned by the New York World's Fair of 1939 to create a sculpture that would symbolize the musical contributions of African Americans. Negro spirituals and hymns were what she decided to symbolize in </span><i style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #081f2c; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 16px;">The Harp.</i><span style="background-color: white; color: #081f2c; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Augusta Savage</b><br />
<i>The Harp</i><br />
ca. 1937<br />
Plaster</td></tr>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #081f2c; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 16px;">Inspired by the lyrics of James Weldon Johnson's poem </span><i style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #081f2c; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 16px;">Lift Every Voice and Sing,</i><span style="background-color: white; color: #081f2c; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><i style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #081f2c; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 16px;">The Harp</i><span style="background-color: white; color: #081f2c; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 16px;"> was Savage's largest work and her last major commission. She took a leave of absence from her position at the Harlem Community Art Center and spent nearly two years completing the sixteen-foot sculpture. Cast in plaster and finished to resemble black basalt, </span><i style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #081f2c; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 16px;">The Harp</i><span style="background-color: white; color: #081f2c; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 16px;"> was exhibited in the court of the Contemporary Arts building where it received much acclaim. The sculpture depicted a group of twelve stylized black singers in graduated heights that symbolized the strings of the harp. The sounding board was formed by the hand and arm of God. A kneeling man holding music represented the foot pedal. Unfortunately, no funds were available to cast </span><i style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #081f2c; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 16px;">The Harp,</i><span style="background-color: white; color: #081f2c; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 16px;"> nor were there any facilities in which to store it. After the fair closed, </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #081f2c; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 16px;">tragically</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #081f2c; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 16px;"> it was demolished.</span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Augusta Savage</b><br />
<i>The Diving Boy</i><br />
ca. 1939<br />
Bronze</td></tr>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #081f2c; font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Upon her return to the Harlem Community Art Center, Savage discovered to her dismay that her position had been filled, then the Art Center closed during World War II when federal funds were eliminated. In 1939, she made an attempt to reestablish an art center in Harlem with the opening of the Salon of Contemporary Negro Art. Savage was founder-director of the small gallery that was the first of its kind in Harlem. That venture closed shortly after its opening due to lack of funds. During the spring of 1939, Savage held a small, one-woman show at the Argent Galleries in New York.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Depressed by the loss of her job and failure of her attempts to establish art centers, in 1945 Savage retreated to the small town of Saugerties, New York, in the Catskill Mountains. She reestablished relations with her daughter where she found peace and seclusion. Savage visited New York occasionally, taught children in local summer camps, and produced a few portrait sculptures of tourists. During her years in Saugerties, Savage also explored her interest in writing children's stories, murder mysteries, and vignettes, although none were published. She died in relative obscurity on March 26, 1962, following a long bout with cancer. </span></span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Augusta Savage<br />
Realization<br />
ca. 1938</td></tr>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 16px;">Augusta Savage was a woman of relentless determination, who lived a challenging, but immensely influential life. She is a woman and an artist of merit.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;">Sources __________________________________________________________________</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">NPR, </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small; letter-spacing: -0.00625em;">Sculptor Augusta Savage Said Her Legacy Was The Work Of Her Students, </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">https://www.npr.org/2019/07/15/740459875/sculptor-augusta-savage-said-her-legacy-was-the-work-of-her-students, retrieved March 31, 2020</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Smithsonian American Art Museum, Augusta Savage, </span><span style="font-size: x-small;">https://americanart.si.edu/artist/augusta-savage-4269, retrieved March 31, 2020</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Archives of Women Artists, Augusta Savage, https://awarewomenartists.com/en/artiste/augusta-savage/, retrieved March 31, 2020</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Clay Today, Clay County Memories: Augusta Savage Moved International Audiences, https://www.claytodayonline.com/stories/clay-county-memories-augusta-savage-moved-international-audiences,8100, retrieved March 31, 2020</span></div>
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Dr. Viki Sonstegardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11802292306245900882noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4900135980218613100.post-29718535784651903292020-03-19T16:46:00.000-07:002020-03-19T16:46:38.008-07:00Sophie Marston Brannan: Artist Coast to Coast<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMymMIKz-ShPKZFOn873g4Y4kpvP1GlGgQFlcPlpqeHtlDf1tzLIAzbhh7j_qAOZwNKkVOTR-JnEguZKzA2P7fE-UdOk2MmYZbi_gvsxGxZcW07hBNmZlR9Fgoyd80Gycy38jy1j-ogRFo/s1600/House+near+stream+and+bridge.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="399" data-original-width="500" height="255" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMymMIKz-ShPKZFOn873g4Y4kpvP1GlGgQFlcPlpqeHtlDf1tzLIAzbhh7j_qAOZwNKkVOTR-JnEguZKzA2P7fE-UdOk2MmYZbi_gvsxGxZcW07hBNmZlR9Fgoyd80Gycy38jy1j-ogRFo/s320/House+near+stream+and+bridge.jpeg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Sophie Marston Brannan</b><br /><i>House Near Stream and Bridge</i><br />Early 20th Century<br />Oil on canvas<br />8 x 10 inches</td></tr>
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Sophie Pike Marston Marston Brannan was an American artist born in Mountain View California in 1877, and grew up in San Francisco. Her father, financier and philanthropist John E. Brannan and wife Carrie Augusta (Sheldon) Brannan, were in a financial position to support and develop Sophie's artistic talent from a very young age. At the age of seven, she began her formal training at the California School of Design and had her first exhibition of pencil sketches at 12. When Brannan was 21 years old, she spent 14 months in Paris studying her craft and upon return, resumed work at the School of Design under Arthur F. Mathews. She began her career in the Bay Area.<br />
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Brannan moved to New York about 1910 where she received recognition and won a number of awards. Although a frequent visitor to California, she remained in the East until resettling in the Bay Area after 1940.<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Sophie Marston Brannan</b><br /><i>New England Homestead</i><br />Early 20th Century<br />Oil on canvas<br />8 x 10 inches</td></tr>
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The artist produced California scenes over a long period of time. Newspaper accounts document countless sketching trips from 1901 to 1918, both local and to northern California counties such as Marin, Monterey, Napa, Santa Clara and Santa Cruz. This was during a time in which women had little freedom or autonomy, and travel was a dangerous endeavor. It is not clear as to the company Brannan kept or if she was part of a women's association that allowed travel in groups. It is clear that she produced oils, watercolors, and pastels on these trips that are distinctive for their skies, and attention to trees, particularly oaks.<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Sophie Marston Brannan</b><br /><i>Landscape</i><br />c. 1912<br />Oil on canvas<br />25 x 30 inches</td></tr>
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Brannan also had an interest in the architecture of historic structures, particularly those in Monterrey and did paintings such as <i>General Sherman's Headquarters, Old Customs House, Rodrigues House, and Adobe in Monterey.</i><br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Sophie Marston Brannan</b><br /><i>Cloudy Day Landscape</i><br />Early 20th Century<br />Oil on canvas<br />16 x 20 inches</td></tr>
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Brannan was an exhibitor from 1896 until the early 1930s with shows in San Francisco and New York. In California, she participated in group events of the Mechanics Institute, San Francisco Artists Society, Sketch Club, and Hotel Del Monte in Monterey. She also hung artworks at exhibitions including the National Academy of Design in New York, Women's Art Club, New York, Syracuse Museum of Fine Arts and the Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Sophie Marston Brannan</b><br /><i>Landscape with House and Barn</i><br />Early 20th Century<br />Oil on canvas<br /></td></tr>
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Brannan apparently did little painting in her later years, working as an artist at the Alameda Air Base during World War II and for many years after, while continuing to reside in The City. Sophie Marston Brannan passed away in San Francisco, California in March of 1960 at the age of 93.<br />
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Sources_____________________________________________________________</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Women Artists of the American West, Phil Kovinick and Marian Yoshiki-Kovinick, University of Texas Press, Austin, 1998, pp. 27-28</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Sullivan Gross, An American Gallery, https://www.sullivangoss.com/artists/sophie-marston-brannan-1877-1960retrieved March 19, 2020</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Trotter Galleries, https://www.trottergalleries.com/inventory/artist-bio/?at=SophieMarstonBrannan, Early California and American Fine Art, retrieved March 19, 2020</span><br />
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<i><br /></i>Dr. Viki Sonstegardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11802292306245900882noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4900135980218613100.post-69624279041580808032020-03-07T14:43:00.003-08:002020-03-07T14:43:33.930-08:00Henrietta S. Quincy: Painter, Musician and Botanist<span style="background-color: white; color: #323232;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Relatively few women artists of any importance were active in many regions of the West during the 1850s and 1860s. Travel was long and arduous and it was not safe, nor culturally acceptable, for a woman to travel alone. A</span></span><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-size: 16px;">s European Americans moved across the continent, the </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-size: 16px;">frontier</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-size: 16px;"> line and what was the </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-size: 16px;">West</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-size: 16px;"> changed </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-size: 16px;">from the early 1800s</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-size: 16px;"> at the Appalachian Mountains, and in 100 years reached the Pacific Coast. </span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-size: 16px;">The era of the woman artist in the American West began in 1843 with the arrival of Eliza Griffin Johnston (1821-1896) in Texas. It was not Texas, however, but California, specifically San Francisco, that became the earliest desired destination. As the completion of the Union Pacific-Central Pacific Railroad in 1869 and other transcontinental and trunk lines opened up, more women found their way to areas of interest, including Southern California with its historic missions, adobes, deserts and rugged coastlines. </span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #323232;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Born in Portland, ME on March 1, 1842, "Etta" Quincy was the daughter of Horatio G. Quincy, </span></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #323232; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">a wealthy merchant, </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #323232; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">and Mary (McAllister) Quincy. She grew up in Portland and lived in the family residence until the great fire of 1866 virtually destroyed the home. Quincy then opened her own studio in Portland, Maine, where she painted and taught art. She studied in the art centers of Europe and spent five years in Venice during the 1870s. Returning to Portland, she had a studio where she painted and taught art. W</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #323232; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">hile a resident there, Quincy had works in exhibitions of the Brooklyn Art Association in 1873, '74, and '77. Her work focused on landscapes of the region.</span><br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Henrietta S. Quincy</b><br /><i>Mountain Lakeshore Scene</i><br />1876<br />Oil on canvas<br />12 inches x 20 inches</td></tr>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #323232; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />By 1884, Etta Quincy settled in Los Angeles which would remain her home except for visits to Boston (1902) Europe (1902 and later), and Portland (1905). As well as a painter with an excellent reputation in Portland, ME, Quincy was a gifted musician and botanist. </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #323232; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">Among her pieces created in California, a large oil painting done in 1886 entitled <i>San Pedro in 1884</i>, belongs to the Los Angeles Athletic Club. Another piece, a watercolor of the San Diego Mission sketched in 1896, is in the collection of the Southwest Museum in Los Angeles. </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7nCdGXetqHtXo6Kfz97soqPytjT7_uD8iDMG4Cs-A8Nh-GC8mG9fW5NGJ9FRO4aW2RCvt7oe7uAKvFFIev2nmjLijT0OCQf9KQ5X_VRQCA50AWRzG2BeFs2N_nWUl4hwCG0S9ORHbeNjZ/s1600/Grapevine.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="484" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7nCdGXetqHtXo6Kfz97soqPytjT7_uD8iDMG4Cs-A8Nh-GC8mG9fW5NGJ9FRO4aW2RCvt7oe7uAKvFFIev2nmjLijT0OCQf9KQ5X_VRQCA50AWRzG2BeFs2N_nWUl4hwCG0S9ORHbeNjZ/s320/Grapevine.jpg" width="258" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Henrietta S. Quincy</b><br /><i>Grapevine</i><br />1882<br />Oil on canvas<br />22 1/4 inches x 18 1/4 inches<br />Private Collection, Danville, California</td></tr>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #323232;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><br />During her early years in Los Angels, Quincy did not join the city's early art organizations. She was however, a friend of the developers of the "new" city of Venice, at the coast, modeled after Venice, Italy and served as a source of information from her life spent in Italy. </span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #323232;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"> No paintings or photographs of Henrietta S. Quincy were tracked down by this researcher. Quincy never married and she died in Los Angeles on Nov. 28, 1908. </span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #323232;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">____________________________________________________________________________</span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #323232;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>Sources</b></span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #323232;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;">An Encyclopedia of Women Artists of the American West, Phil Kovinick and Marian Yoshiki-Kovinik, University of Texas Press, Austin, TX, 1998, p. 254.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Henrietta Quincy, https://www.askart.com/artist/Henrietta_S_Quincy/127042/Henrietta_S_Quincy.aspx<span style="color: #323232; font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white;">askART, retrieved March 7, 2020.</span></span></span><br />
<br />Dr. Viki Sonstegardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11802292306245900882noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4900135980218613100.post-4019842613793475492019-08-12T08:35:00.002-07:002019-08-12T11:35:51.018-07:00Thelma Beatrice Johnson Streat: Fostered Intercultural Understanding<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEit-9pzwKZYx8dbGCu870QI-7ipA4xUaTmGInq_lutN_plPOnpLEvhnAxts0BaBXXteo9LvnZiuFb72FGQN-6eLxG50oP5ffpsveMsuyrdswHcuUQg4YrpVnkJB0F51snMX1ZDOrM9DeYVq/s1600/Headshot.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="266" data-original-width="190" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEit-9pzwKZYx8dbGCu870QI-7ipA4xUaTmGInq_lutN_plPOnpLEvhnAxts0BaBXXteo9LvnZiuFb72FGQN-6eLxG50oP5ffpsveMsuyrdswHcuUQg4YrpVnkJB0F51snMX1ZDOrM9DeYVq/s1600/Headshot.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Thelma Johnson Streat</b><br />
1912-1959</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-large;">T</span>helma Johnson Streat was an African-American artist, dancer, and educator who gained renown during the 1940s. A multi-talented artist who worked in a variety of media, Streat focused on ethnic themes for her art and performance endeavors.<br />
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Born in Yakima, Washington in 1912, Streat moved with her family to Portland, Oregon where she graduated from Washington High School. She began painting at the age of seven and later, studied painting at the Museum Art School, now, the Pacific Northwest College of Art, in the mid 1930s. Streat was a frequent exhibitor and worked in tempera, oil, and watercolor.<br />
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For most of the 1930s and 40s, Streat worked for the Works Progress Administration, the WPA Federal Art Project in California. She moved to San Francisco in 1938 and was a participant in exhibitions at the De Young Museum and the San Francisco Museum of Art among others. Her painting <i>Rabbit Man </i>was acquired by the Museum of Modern Art in 1942. She was the first African American to have a painting bought by the museum.<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Thelma Beatrice Johnson Streat</b><br />
<i>Mural of Medicine and Transportation</i><br />
ca 1940s<br />
National Museum of African American History and Culture</td></tr>
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In 1939-40, Streat worked with Diego Rivera on the Pan-American Unity Mural for the Art In Action Exhibition at Treasure Island's Golden Gate International Exposition. According to a manuscript in the Archives of the City College, Streat was the only assistant artist that Rivera trusted to paint directly on his mural. A portrait of her, along with many other friends of Rivera, can be seen at the City College of San Francisco in the Diego Rivera Theater, on Ocean Campus. <a href="https://www.riveramural.org/">https://www.riveramural.org/</a> Streat began working in the mural format and she developed a number of studies and maquettes (a scale model or rough draft for a sculpture) that were submitted designs for mural projects. The intensity and subject matter of her work such as <i>Death of a Black Sailor</i>, attracted the attention of the Ku Klux Klan, which in 1942, led to death threats. The work depicted a dying soldier's thoughts on democracy as he saw signs on defense plants stating "only white need apply," the Red Cross' refusal to accept blood donations from blacks, segregated military barracks, and restaurants' refusal to serve black servicemen.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZxNegEtERQzyEwTDrWAeoEWr6I-QPfq5utk2afbBXiQHnY2ORlUgJUDApY14uh28_brY_JcnqGHTUzCqhAmaF6LeFPHkMjHCqzjGLyTcoBTxjtMA_CkykUX9GsQrx5Tlf3V31caI1YF8-/s1600/Wild+Horse.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZxNegEtERQzyEwTDrWAeoEWr6I-QPfq5utk2afbBXiQHnY2ORlUgJUDApY14uh28_brY_JcnqGHTUzCqhAmaF6LeFPHkMjHCqzjGLyTcoBTxjtMA_CkykUX9GsQrx5Tlf3V31caI1YF8-/s400/Wild+Horse.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Thelma Beatrice Johnson Streat</b><br />
<i>Wild Horse</i><br />
ca 1940s<br />
6-1/2 x 9-inches mounted to 12 x 18-inch sheet of blue construction paper</td></tr>
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A talented singer and modern dancer, Streat gave live performances, sometimes as accompaniment to her murals at their completion. In addition, she performed at New York's Interplayer's Theater in Carnegie Hall, and before audiences in Paris, France, London, England before Queen Elizabeth, and Montreal, Canada. Her dance performances were influenced by her international travel and experiences to destinations such as Mexico, Haiti, Java, the Hawaiian Islands, and Australia.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzogSBXrpf-4EZPVYxzk3DMMoctMeYsAL2d05yuz-zOb7LjWSa322rO2i98ZIJ8x4BLB4GXnG_0-HbCyOARLNV_gMjiYeQ06Zw5a170_9PFNSldrEJKauT4aV2LedcXzTPo22u735CMTWh/s1600/Streat+dancing.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1562" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzogSBXrpf-4EZPVYxzk3DMMoctMeYsAL2d05yuz-zOb7LjWSa322rO2i98ZIJ8x4BLB4GXnG_0-HbCyOARLNV_gMjiYeQ06Zw5a170_9PFNSldrEJKauT4aV2LedcXzTPo22u735CMTWh/s320/Streat+dancing.jpg" width="245" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Thelma Beatrice Johnson Streat</b></td></tr>
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In 1945, Streat accepted the position of chair of a committee that sponsored murals to aid "Negro in Labor" education. Streat was also commissioned to create original fabric designs for women's sportswear manufacturer Koret in 1948. She followed with a series of canvases that depict the company's spring line.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHw44a09DE_1tnqEnI9lLnCs0zm3_NQ1magtUJtojweDfi_MTa9IVNBspche-6cwSwdZs_3567xqUVvvE6gAalPGr0BGbFV1GI2nOzpDUJQNcmqnC4edjsvcvVpfQ-WbfW81WpvdqCGQ1_/s1600/negro+in+professional+life.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="367" data-original-width="750" height="312" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHw44a09DE_1tnqEnI9lLnCs0zm3_NQ1magtUJtojweDfi_MTa9IVNBspche-6cwSwdZs_3567xqUVvvE6gAalPGr0BGbFV1GI2nOzpDUJQNcmqnC4edjsvcvVpfQ-WbfW81WpvdqCGQ1_/s640/negro+in+professional+life.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Thelma Beatrice Johnson Streat</b><br />
<i>The Negro in Professional Life </i><br />
(Mural Study Featuring Women in the Workplace)<br />
ca 1945<br />
Ink, Crayon, Watercolor on Cardstock<br />
10 x 20 inches</td></tr>
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Streat married her husband, her manager, Edgar Kline, in 1948. A playwright, film and play producer, they shared common interests such as education and the fight against intolerance that inspired their future projects. As a couple, they created the Children's City projects in Hawaii and British Columbia.<br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="background-color: white;">Streat's work was powerful, both in line and color, as exemplified by the piece </span><em style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box;">Black Virgin</em><span style="background-color: white;">, now in the collection of </span>Reed College in Portland<span style="background-color: white;">. Her work is also included in the collections of the Museum of Modern Art, Mills College in Oakland, California, the San Francisco Museum of Art, and the Honolulu Academy of the Arts.</span></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghjHFIq3FePA7OCWwX3CCTLZDH2ZdPkIbTO9Feo0n1lddoLsKdK10ACo88GPaDtjeiG8ffDNfFtjmqxHIVshEdS_zVP544mVbjw9149yRAQUdw272onnSvBuGcrUCvYV9AFejMdEGhgsry/s1600/Black+Virgin.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="438" data-original-width="309" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghjHFIq3FePA7OCWwX3CCTLZDH2ZdPkIbTO9Feo0n1lddoLsKdK10ACo88GPaDtjeiG8ffDNfFtjmqxHIVshEdS_zVP544mVbjw9149yRAQUdw272onnSvBuGcrUCvYV9AFejMdEGhgsry/s320/Black+Virgin.jpg" width="225" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Thelma Beatrice Johnson Streat</b><br />
<i>Black Virgin</i><br />
ca 1940s<br />
Oil on canvas<br />
20 x 14 inches<br />
Reed College, Portland, Oregon</td></tr>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">In recent years, there has been a resurgence of interest in Streat’s art, films, textile designs, illustrations, murals, performances, and social contributions. In 1991, “Red Dots, Flying Baby & Barking Dog” was included in a group exhibit at the Kenkeleba Gallery (New York). </span></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQCHedt2rBFX8454UCdaqkT5KO0mAm9iVLJsiCH29CiFzUsX993AlOAp78m43GxEh-E6UA79gUNNDf-Jf7FSbwDmTUCrsCYR27Uyo-LTDBny8GwfsYXmEWcARcf5QLMvMJRGU-U65aD5Mv/s1600/red+dots.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="365" data-original-width="512" height="285" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQCHedt2rBFX8454UCdaqkT5KO0mAm9iVLJsiCH29CiFzUsX993AlOAp78m43GxEh-E6UA79gUNNDf-Jf7FSbwDmTUCrsCYR27Uyo-LTDBny8GwfsYXmEWcARcf5QLMvMJRGU-U65aD5Mv/s400/red+dots.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Thelma Beatrice Johnson Streat</b><br />
<i>Red Dots, Flying Baby, and Barking Dog</i><br />
ca 1945<br />
Pacific Northwest College of Art</td></tr>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Dr. Ann Eden Gibson, associate professor of art history and associate director of the Humanities Institute at State University of New York at Stony Brook, wrote an article in 1995 for the Yale Journal of Criticism titled, Universality and Difference in Women’s Abstract Painting: Krasner, Ryan, Sekula Piper, and Streat” and published “Abstract Expressionism” (Yale University Press), which included a chapter on Streat in 1997.</span></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQmQNGxp-1TxLEgNWkQQTAiwzrpAWgkpE-iiyNNLTU-3vQg6RHpvQbWxlNegwZNtybKUkj8FIsqcYI6t2HFzfZ-wyUbVZ0P3ISaLCIuKq-PaFloUtHo05y08AH_Dv3xsn2f691JuHJTjmK/s1600/Streat_Thelma_Johnson_with_drum.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="308" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQmQNGxp-1TxLEgNWkQQTAiwzrpAWgkpE-iiyNNLTU-3vQg6RHpvQbWxlNegwZNtybKUkj8FIsqcYI6t2HFzfZ-wyUbVZ0P3ISaLCIuKq-PaFloUtHo05y08AH_Dv3xsn2f691JuHJTjmK/s400/Streat_Thelma_Johnson_with_drum.jpg" width="307" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Thelma Beatrice Johnson Streat with Drum</b><br />
September, 1951</td></tr>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">In 1959, Thelma Streat began to study anthropology at UCLA but died in Los Angeles that year. She was just 47. </span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span></span>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span class="wz-bold" style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">THE THELMA JOHNSON STREAT PROJECT</span> was organized in 1991 to:</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></span></span><br />
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"> (1) research Streat's life and work;<br /> (2) distribute information on the artist, her life and various avenues of creativity;<br /> (3) care for The Johnson Collection and make selected works available to museums and galleries for exhibits;<br /> (4) promote Streat's ideals through sharing her story with others.</span></div>
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="background-color: white;">Sources___________________________________________________________</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="background-color: white;">Oregon Encyclopedia, Ginny Allen, Thelma Johnson Streat 1912-1959, </span></span>https://oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/streat_thelma_johnson/, retrieved August 11, 2019.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Black Past, Thelma Beatrice Johnson Streat, Cherisse Jones-Branch, </span><span style="font-size: x-small;">https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/streat-thelma-beatrice-johnson-1912-1959/, retrieved August 11, 2019.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">WPA Murals, http://www.wpamurals.com/streattj.htm, </span><span style="font-size: x-small;">retrieved August 11, 2019.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Newslocker, Brendan Kiley, 'Bigger Than Life' Trailblazing Northwest Artist Gets New Attention at Smithsonian, <span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">http://www.newslocker.com/en-us/region/washington/back-in-the-limelight-thelma-johnson-streat-featured-in-new-smithsonian-museum/view/, </span></span><span style="font-size: x-small;">retrieved August 11, 2019.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Thelma Johnson Streat, The Thelma Johnson Streat Proje</span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">ct, </span>https://streat.webs.com/, retrieved August 12, 2019.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span>Dr. Viki Sonstegardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11802292306245900882noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4900135980218613100.post-75538789918839263452019-07-15T15:02:00.000-07:002019-07-15T15:02:01.493-07:00Dora Tse-Pe: Traditional Tewa Potter<span style="font-size: x-large;">O</span>ne of the artists I explored for my dissertation was potter Maria Martinez, a Tewa Native American Puebloan who lived at the San Ildefonso Pueblo in New Mexico. She, and husband Julian, resurrected the stunning ancient local process of black on black pottery. The black ware was in marked contrast to the all-red or polychrome ware that had dominated the pueblo's creations for generations. Dora Tse-Pe is a remarkable potter and her creations were inspired by her mother, grandmother, mother-in-law, and the pottery of San Ildefonso.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7JM24Znj3pH-f_IiYlkwGIlt4a0kKPQYUMChyphenhyphenuv17TiHJo_B8oqFtF5mNTA6XJhqYbvtq6ltfz5oiRwtqN2_boOqpFoMsiK3lH3w9MckybqLG-APs9Chq5t3uWyUNId4P9ac2pXlK0Zl2/s1600/dora_tse_pe.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="294" data-original-width="216" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7JM24Znj3pH-f_IiYlkwGIlt4a0kKPQYUMChyphenhyphenuv17TiHJo_B8oqFtF5mNTA6XJhqYbvtq6ltfz5oiRwtqN2_boOqpFoMsiK3lH3w9MckybqLG-APs9Chq5t3uWyUNId4P9ac2pXlK0Zl2/s1600/dora_tse_pe.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Dora Tse-Pe</td></tr>
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Dora Tse-Pe, a Tewa Native American, was born at the Zia Pueblo in 1939. She learned the basics of the art of pottery production from her mother Candelaria Gachupin, one of Zia Pueblo's most outstanding potters and her grandmother Rosalie Toribio. Dora claims "My first experience with my mother's clay was when I was about six years old. She taught me the sacredness of clay. All have spiritual significance. I treat my clay with much respect." She explained that every step of making pottery is done only after prayer and thanksgiving for our gifts of clay, water, fire, and artistic talents.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRLidMYNgcZmTyIGIuWHb81lecG-WSgC6LBp3WTivniMl7CxaGZFZXtjRIPsHLSZgi_E2ck7LrGYiBerYsO41js1ANI3Qciu07d5z4eYbeShC0Xcl20FqFU7p17LDjEiqgGubpLwys_2Gm/s1600/modern_pueblo_map.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="412" data-original-width="520" height="316" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRLidMYNgcZmTyIGIuWHb81lecG-WSgC6LBp3WTivniMl7CxaGZFZXtjRIPsHLSZgi_E2ck7LrGYiBerYsO41js1ANI3Qciu07d5z4eYbeShC0Xcl20FqFU7p17LDjEiqgGubpLwys_2Gm/s400/modern_pueblo_map.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Map of the Pueblos of New Mexico along the Rio Grande</td></tr>
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Dora married Tse-Pe, an innovative San Ildefonso potter in his own right, and moved to the San Ildefonso Pueblo where she honed her craft. Her mother-in-law, the well-known Rose Gonzales, taught her to make the traditional red and black ware in addition to learning to highly polish her work, a technique not used by the Zia potters. Dora worked with Rose for ten years, perfecting her polishing and carving methods before breaking out on her own.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgT2owbTvy68uw93z_KMTx0u23s_k438tDJdHu2Nld8vTvlzycyfp3jSwjYZWZ14QAcpiJ1tR1aSXlD0DP1vi3l3HRxofcq4yHFWTDsmDYU4LccpABjKRs3CUCOthS6OpznFStOqPleF03V/s1600/dora-tse-pe-jar004.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="300" data-original-width="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgT2owbTvy68uw93z_KMTx0u23s_k438tDJdHu2Nld8vTvlzycyfp3jSwjYZWZ14QAcpiJ1tR1aSXlD0DP1vi3l3HRxofcq4yHFWTDsmDYU4LccpABjKRs3CUCOthS6OpznFStOqPleF03V/s1600/dora-tse-pe-jar004.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span itemprop="name" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #111111; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-style: italic;">Two-tone black and brown jar with a turquoise inlay</span><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #111111; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-style: italic;" /><span class="dim" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #111111; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-style: italic;">5 inches high x 3 3/4 in diameter</span></span></td></tr>
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<br />In addition, she was highly influenced by Popovi Da, Maria Martinez' son and his son Tony Da. Dora and Tse-Pe spent much time over the years experimenting with different clays, forms, textures, and designs. Her work is sometimes referred to as "contemporary" however, she dislikes the term and considers herself a traditionalist although she enjoys pushing at the term with her innovative work.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1apnfm4Eqp_JNm6KPRqjTPFrWdGk_lvE5PQpDRUJ3NJEFh9HG0A_bwhPA-aEBDRiDOi8rq65WpP2BT41MSb2eouRQhv5Bt0YUbTxdzv2Ql_u0lm3slTBoACtCquUmyDU6_IlzZ0dh3grL/s1600/dora-tse-pe-jar008.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="300" data-original-width="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1apnfm4Eqp_JNm6KPRqjTPFrWdGk_lvE5PQpDRUJ3NJEFh9HG0A_bwhPA-aEBDRiDOi8rq65WpP2BT41MSb2eouRQhv5Bt0YUbTxdzv2Ql_u0lm3slTBoACtCquUmyDU6_IlzZ0dh3grL/s1600/dora-tse-pe-jar008.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span itemprop="name" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #111111; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-style: italic;">Kiva step rim on a red jar lightly carved with an <br />avanyu design plus inlaid turquoise and micaceous slip around the rim</span><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #111111; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-style: italic;" /><span class="dim" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #111111; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-style: italic;">6 1/4 in high by 4 1/2 in diameter</span></span></td></tr>
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<br />Her style is a blending of Zia, San Juan, and San Ildefonso traditions. Dora's work is considered to be among the best available of its kind today. A perfectionist, she executes her pieces with a high degree of precision and finish, executing a beautifully smooth burnish and exceptional black firing. Her success with the two-toned firing technique resulted in sienna accents to the black ware. Dora Tse-Pe is recognized as a master potter was awarded the title <b><i>Master of Indian Market</i></b> in Santa Fe.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-9q3knNZmfkkKiSvJtMO8Y3AT54wQguyaz9ZlW-vKOMbyQdva5e5ht0YdaaxHEgADXGSLxlsbWTzfg5ns2sskS28RAMDPmM6m4FTNTLpWZ0I2-a3fHolRxVQeMGrQAkvpcb-1mEQGyWr2/s1600/dora-tse-pe-jar01big.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1000" data-original-width="1000" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-9q3knNZmfkkKiSvJtMO8Y3AT54wQguyaz9ZlW-vKOMbyQdva5e5ht0YdaaxHEgADXGSLxlsbWTzfg5ns2sskS28RAMDPmM6m4FTNTLpWZ0I2-a3fHolRxVQeMGrQAkvpcb-1mEQGyWr2/s320/dora-tse-pe-jar01big.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span itemprop="name" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #111111; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-style: italic;">Brown jar with fire cloud and inlaid turquoise</span><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #111111; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-style: italic;" /><span class="dim" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #111111; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-style: italic;">3 inches high by 2 1/2 inches diameter</span></span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjC4w0mVMMg1t9e6Bfr0YYEKXwD0TNHg_S9-a2tUnov7O9CM0JksOMNEc-kw-5qbJpkRUZiPB8NmNULkBQyy_WDhnLGzmWEI-j6lxn_3us5P5Jq58b1Fc742FxTBGAOY30yY7P_kdSLy1t/s1600/black+and+sienna+pottery.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="500" data-original-width="500" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjC4w0mVMMg1t9e6Bfr0YYEKXwD0TNHg_S9-a2tUnov7O9CM0JksOMNEc-kw-5qbJpkRUZiPB8NmNULkBQyy_WDhnLGzmWEI-j6lxn_3us5P5Jq58b1Fc742FxTBGAOY30yY7P_kdSLy1t/s320/black+and+sienna+pottery.jpeg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #0e0e0e; text-align: start;"> Lidded jar with bear handle, height 6.5 inches x diameter 4.5 inches<br />Vase with sgrafitto and turquoise cabochon inset, height 6 inches x diameter 4.5 inches<br />Bowl with </span><span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0e0e0e; line-height: 1.3; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">Avanyu</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #0e0e0e; text-align: start;"> encircling opening; turquoise stone eye, height 4.75 inches x diameter 7.25 inches</span><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0e0e0e; line-height: 1.3; outline: none; text-align: start;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #0e0e0e; text-align: start;">Third quarter 20th century</span></i></span></td></tr>
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Dora Tse-Pe is featured in nearly every book written on Pueblo Pottery today including <i>Fourteen Families in Pueblo Pottery</i> by Rick Dillingham, <i>Southwestern Pottery from A to Z</i> by Allan Hayes, Lee M. Cohen's <i>Art of Clay</i>, Gregory Schaff's <i>Pueblo Indian Pottery</i> and <i>Pottery by American Indian Women </i>by Susan Peterson. She is also one of the few potters honored by the National Museum of Women in the Arts, Washington, D.C. For a short video on Dora Tse-Pe, follow this link: <a href="https://vimeo.com/37635551">https://vimeo.com/37635551</a><br />
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Sources________________________________________________________________<br />
<h1 style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0e0e0e; font-family: Klavika; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.1; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Women Artists of the American West</i>, Susan R. Ressler, ed., McFarland & Company Inc, 2003, page 337. </span></h1>
<h1 style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0e0e0e; font-family: Klavika; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.1; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Dora Tse Pe</i> (San Ildefonso, b. 1939) Black and Sienna Pottery, </span></h1>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">https://www.bidsquare.com/online-auctions/cowans/dora-tse-pe-san-ildefonso-b-1939-black-and-sienna-pottery-1029875 retrieved July 15, 2019</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>In the Eyes of the Pot: A Journey into the World of Native American Pottery, Dora Tse-Pe, </i> https://www.eyesofthepot.com/san-ildefonso/dora_tse_pe.htm, retrieved July 15, 2019</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Adobe World, Dora Tse Pe, https://www.adobegallery.com/artist/Dora_Tse-P_b1939115044105, retrieved July 15, 2019</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Maria and Julian Pottery, Dora Tse-Pe</i>, http://www.mariajulianpottery.com/san-ildefonso/dora-tse-pe/, retrieved July 15, 2019</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span>Dr. Viki Sonstegardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11802292306245900882noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4900135980218613100.post-90140872913851691142019-07-03T10:23:00.004-07:002019-07-03T10:23:39.119-07:00Pansy Cornelia Stockton: The Art of Assemblage<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhl9Wac8s14uzZ-XvPncjTQFgMhLFQKeAWCEUDNdHS30THdS1ZslaRl-HnqaE1pVamYj1UcuwSlwDilmdHGC_B_Gs-07CUrwRTbcv1KTb4W81bhE71HrHtymByku3KlbBZ8pBL9ybUkbyT2/s1600/Pansy-at-work.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="632" data-original-width="800" height="252" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhl9Wac8s14uzZ-XvPncjTQFgMhLFQKeAWCEUDNdHS30THdS1ZslaRl-HnqaE1pVamYj1UcuwSlwDilmdHGC_B_Gs-07CUrwRTbcv1KTb4W81bhE71HrHtymByku3KlbBZ8pBL9ybUkbyT2/s320/Pansy-at-work.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Pansy Stockton</b> <br />at work in her studio</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">This woman's vision was unique! Pansy Stockton created three-dimensional art pieces using hundreds of varieties of items from nature such as bark, moss, grass, and weeds. She called them her "sun paintings" because the botanical materials she used get their colors from the sun and, when the art pieces are finished, they resemble paintings. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Pansy was born in El Dorado Springs, Missouri on March 31, 1895, and was raised in Eldorado Springs, Colorado where her parents ran the Grand View Hotel. Always an artist, she was just nine years old when she won her first adult competition with an oil painting however, Pansy not only worked in oil, but watercolor and acrylic as well. She studied the technique that substituted a palette knife in which artists use various tools shaped like knives, rather than brushes, to build up the paint on a canvas or other support. Pansy moved away from painting when she realized that the medium was limiting and that nature offered an endless supply of texture.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOvhiNIxGSp3iA-dd5STtv35OG7dG62Ze_9TV6Ess2rKn4j2DwX6tamHUNxwAJo0epEhuRxrpS5GPf6yCR0hR0rKYrG8tCOJAd4Z7SJBAYgoKiOrUQCXkDKPk36vegG4OOKvlioyl6cqML/s1600/pansy-cornelia-stockton-cerro-pelon.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="269" data-original-width="200" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOvhiNIxGSp3iA-dd5STtv35OG7dG62Ze_9TV6Ess2rKn4j2DwX6tamHUNxwAJo0epEhuRxrpS5GPf6yCR0hR0rKYrG8tCOJAd4Z7SJBAYgoKiOrUQCXkDKPk36vegG4OOKvlioyl6cqML/s400/pansy-cornelia-stockton-cerro-pelon.jpg" width="297" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Pansy Stockton</b><br /><i>Cero Pelon</i><br />ca n.d.<br />Botanical collage on board<br />4.5 x 3.3 inches</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">She created her first "sun painting" in 1916 while she was living in Durango, Colorado and sold it to the president of the Colorado Fuel and Iron Company. In her words, "The general effect of sun painting is much like looking out of a window rather than looking into a frame. There is a three dimensional value not found in painted pictures. I consider texture more important than color in getting my effects. All pieces are cemented to a soft paper board and pressed into service with heavy weights. When people ask,'How are your sun paintings made?' I tell them 'a lot of stuff, a little glue, considerable pressure, and a great big lot of imagination." Pansy coined the term "sun painting" because to her, it sounded primitive like sun temple or sand paintings. </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiv_C3DVQtUXQfuKpjvTm423Yzrgy90D4lJPQE8KefRBUV8UjvY7gAv8OETrp1bXEoecpKDT1CyKYaoA0Lku7ufwj1xAhoAn825PFFqAnzI4eng0on9G7-1uxhI3sqN29BjDF5AzOneERv0/s1600/pueblo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="316" data-original-width="400" height="315" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiv_C3DVQtUXQfuKpjvTm423Yzrgy90D4lJPQE8KefRBUV8UjvY7gAv8OETrp1bXEoecpKDT1CyKYaoA0Lku7ufwj1xAhoAn825PFFqAnzI4eng0on9G7-1uxhI3sqN29BjDF5AzOneERv0/s400/pueblo.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Pansy Stockton</b><br /><i>Old Pecos Mission</i>Mixed Media Collage<br />ca. n.d.<br />11.62 x 15.62 inches</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Pansy married Roscoe Stockton, poet, radio announcer, inventor, and teacher, in 1918. They settled in Denver, Colorado where Pansy became a founding member of the Denver Artists Guild in 1928. In 1936, she was adopted into the Oglala Lakota Tribe as a thank you for interceding on their behalf to help preserve their land and rights. She was often seen wearing traditional Lakota tribal wear and Pansy would participate in parades and dances. Her Lakota name, given to her by Native American dancer Charles Eagle Plume, was "Wanashta Wastaywin" (sp?) which means "Flower that Beautifies the Earth."</span><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiA9Fy5N9ngjebTb8_cINI_ywGrx2UceXM_0tVwlBXleklN8eV4Nm6Oy3Y3EYmYY8niKACvcT84km3bMHzY1YvP5tB2P6J2iyMa1kUDEnpZ0TMq1bWl8W6Al5Y0YS89FPibvhQii3mK7x5W/s1600/PS+in+Lakota+wear.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="484" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiA9Fy5N9ngjebTb8_cINI_ywGrx2UceXM_0tVwlBXleklN8eV4Nm6Oy3Y3EYmYY8niKACvcT84km3bMHzY1YvP5tB2P6J2iyMa1kUDEnpZ0TMq1bWl8W6Al5Y0YS89FPibvhQii3mK7x5W/s320/PS+in+Lakota+wear.jpg" width="242" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Pansy Stockton</b><br />In her self-made Kiva wearing traditional Lakota dress<br />ca 1930s<br />Nancy Bernhardt Collection</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">By the late 1930s, Pansy spent the bulk of her time in New Mexico and moved permanently to Santa Fe in 1942, where she built an adobe home with a kiva, a <span style="background-color: white;">sacred building used for spiritual ceremonies, religious rituals and ceremonial preparations by the Pueblo </span><span style="background-color: white;">Native Americans. Her substantial collection of Native American memorabilia and dolls were housed there. Pansy's home along Acequia Madre became a salon, where she gave lectures, and entertained visiting dignitaries. She was an integral part of the vibrant arts community in Santa Fe ans she sang at the Santa Fe Opera, served as a judge for the Miss New mexico pageant in 1958. </span> </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAMhQoW31N9imbPS0iT7zYjCyZSWbj26I-TSppT8XwoEXLrumkKcCph2HHjip_TkVjOksJbcB5t-iiT1V8dNytoyJeTs5Zaolxl72CrQzPfDEhOb-8pZDv-6dATRrtttVl61nxq33gmodV/s1600/stream.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="542" data-original-width="430" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAMhQoW31N9imbPS0iT7zYjCyZSWbj26I-TSppT8XwoEXLrumkKcCph2HHjip_TkVjOksJbcB5t-iiT1V8dNytoyJeTs5Zaolxl72CrQzPfDEhOb-8pZDv-6dATRrtttVl61nxq33gmodV/s320/stream.jpg" width="253" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Pansy Stockton</b><br /><i>Down Mora Way</i><br />ca 1960<br />9 ¼ x 7 ¼ inches<br />David Cook Galleries</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Pansy Stockton was quite well-known in her lifetime. In 1953 she was surprised by Ralph Edwards, host of the live television show "This is Your Life" and during the episode, the Governor Edwin Mechem of New Mexico proclaimed Pansy Stockton Sunshine day on March 31. Written on her plaque: "I hereby proclaim that of the 340 days of New Mexico sunshine each year, the sunniest of them all shall hereafter be known as Pansy Stockton Sunshine Day in New Mexico."</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Her work was appreciated nationally and internationally, owned by both Eleanor Roosevelt and the Duke of Windsor. She exhibited in Paris, London, Vienna and New York, Chicago, Los Angeles, Oklahoma City, Denver, and Santa Fe. Over the course of nearly sixty years, from 1916 to 1972, she created over one thousand sun paintings, most depicting scenes of her beloved New Mexico. "Ponchita," as she had become known, was an authority on Native American lore and an honorary member of the Sioux. She passed away in February of 1972. </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEii8-q77jYfbAACrKdcUlhiJ1D9-REnIlGgoezhM6MeOdIZkCAxHuVz8i3e3SZcnl8mrqaDnhTIeX9t8f2PGIDg6s8lSbH-CLwe00ihmSuYKqX_d5KLHvT0Rp9U6UCGi-IOlaFuhKhYnSKe/s1600/Pansys-palette.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="923" data-original-width="644" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEii8-q77jYfbAACrKdcUlhiJ1D9-REnIlGgoezhM6MeOdIZkCAxHuVz8i3e3SZcnl8mrqaDnhTIeX9t8f2PGIDg6s8lSbH-CLwe00ihmSuYKqX_d5KLHvT0Rp9U6UCGi-IOlaFuhKhYnSKe/s320/Pansys-palette.jpg" width="223" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Pansy Stockton</b><br />with finished sun painting and holding botanical materials<br />Nancy Bernhardt Collection</td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Sources________________________________________________________________</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Pansy Repass Stockton, Kat Bernhardt, <a href="https://sweetfootjourneys.com/pansy-repass-stockton/">https://sweetfootjourneys.com/pansy-repass-stockton/</a>, retrieved July 3, 2019</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">David Cook Galleries, <a href="https://www.davidcookgalleries.com/artist/pansy-stockton">https://www.davidcookgalleries.com/artist/pansy-stockton</a>, retrieved July 3, 2019</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">askART, <a href="http://www.askart.com/artist/Pansy_Cornelia_Stockton/113295/Pansy_Cornelia_Stockton.aspx">http://www.askart.com/artist/Pansy_Cornelia_Stockton/113295/Pansy_Cornelia_Stockton.aspx</a>, retrieved July 3, 2019</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Phil Kovinick and Marian Yoshiki-Kovinick, <i>An Encyclopedia of Women Artists of the American West</i>, University of Texas Press, Austin, 1998, p. 293.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span>Dr. Viki Sonstegardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11802292306245900882noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4900135980218613100.post-52189838545596486632019-06-27T15:22:00.000-07:002019-06-27T15:37:25.776-07:00Ruth Harriet Louise: The First Female Photographer in Hollywood<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYnUoBglEZbFD9ZoJz_LtDIUp9QS7CEM7EAiTYbLIGVxZ7zLv0xaAiHCEsFFxkA-h2dfRmN_q3ijDuZYjN0ipuWq8GJNhH5DrLNH16tfIx39OALenum9ZLpZt3VuLbn4Eqj7I6nyTGkWVC/s1600/Ruth_Harriet_Louise_selfportrait.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="color: black;"><img border="0" data-original-height="679" data-original-width="513" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYnUoBglEZbFD9ZoJz_LtDIUp9QS7CEM7EAiTYbLIGVxZ7zLv0xaAiHCEsFFxkA-h2dfRmN_q3ijDuZYjN0ipuWq8GJNhH5DrLNH16tfIx39OALenum9ZLpZt3VuLbn4Eqj7I6nyTGkWVC/s320/Ruth_Harriet_Louise_selfportrait.jpg" width="241" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Ruth Harriet Louise<br />
Self-portrait</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b style="background-color: white;">Ruth Harriet Louise</b><span style="background-color: white;"> </span><span style="background-color: white;">was an American professional photographer and the first female photographer active in Hollywood. </span></span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">When Ms. Louise joined Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, dubbed the studio with "more stars than there are in heaven," she was twenty-two years old and the only woman working as a portrait photographer for the Hollywood studios.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="background-color: white;">Ruth Harriet Louise was born in </span>New York City<span style="background-color: white;"> and raised in </span>New Brunswick, New Jersey<span style="background-color: white;">. She was the daughter of a </span>rabbi<span style="background-color: white;">. </span></span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "libre franklin";">Louise began to take photographs while still living at home. She gravitated to the studio of society photographer Nickolas Muray who had emigrated to New York from Europe before the outbreak of World War I. Muray was working as a color printer and photo engraver in Brooklyn when he opened his portrait studio, working from his apartment in Greenwich Village. He was getting regular work from </span><em style="background-color: white; font-family: "Libre Franklin";">Harper’s Bazaar </em><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "libre franklin";">when Ruth began to apprentice for him. Muray was a well-known photographer of Babe Ruth, F. Scott Fitzgerald, James Joyce, and Langston Hughes, among other celebrities in New York.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "libre franklin";">Louise had family who had already moved to Southern California and worked in the entertainment business, when they encouraged her to join them in Los Angeles. </span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Her brother was director </span><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Mark Sandrich</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">, who directed some of the great </span><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Fred Astaire</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"> & </span><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Ginger Rogers</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"> musicals including <i>Flying Down to Rio</i> and <i>The Gay Divorcee</i>, and she was cousin to silent-film actress </span><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Carmel Myers, notably in <i>Ben-Hur</i></span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">. </span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "libre franklin";">Ruth opened a small portrait studio near Hollywood and Vine, but her work was seen by Louis Mayer who hired her to set up her portrait studio at his new film company, MGM. </span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "libre franklin";"> </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiW7niaR17le4wkxu4afW0ai69UYUUEB-4RPF-_tYiOzD9-aJ8H0ypkC7Dlc8ew0x-gQuTAXz7KsEob_6Xkn_zkLcZyVhyphenhyphenUk3cvF7eK0hQkpUReKwRhVBryTl6R3cx0ukH8Ea4T-zVSjrxe/s1600/garbo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="331" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiW7niaR17le4wkxu4afW0ai69UYUUEB-4RPF-_tYiOzD9-aJ8H0ypkC7Dlc8ew0x-gQuTAXz7KsEob_6Xkn_zkLcZyVhyphenhyphenUk3cvF7eK0hQkpUReKwRhVBryTl6R3cx0ukH8Ea4T-zVSjrxe/s320/garbo.jpg" width="264" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Ruth Harriet Louise<br />
Greta Garbo<br />
ca 1920s</td></tr>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: "libre franklin";">Film studios in the early days relied heavily on still photography. Actors were not initially sent for screen tests; they went first to the portrait studio so directors might see what image they would project in the glamour photos that would be used for promotion. This was long before quick and candid shots and the studios could tightly control the images they sent out to promote a star or a film. Fan clubs emerged, and they relied on the still photographs that could be sent to their members.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="background-color: white;">In a career that lasted just five years, from 1925 until 1930, Ms. Louise photographed all the stars, contract players, and many hopefuls who passed through the studio's front gates. </span></span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">It is estimated that she shot more than 100,000 photographs during her tenure at MGM. Her original photographs were circulated via newspapers and magazines to millions of moviegoers and fans while the publicity department tapped into the audience's need for sophistication and fashion during the 1920s. Ms. Louise's photographs helped set the tone for glamour photography. </span><br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;">Ruth Harriet Louise<br />
Joan Crawford<br />
ca 1929</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBp5MZyaUQHXTgxvAOT7KjPCep68mW_sfb2MW9bpZRyU_8d2OxCdxP93af-2wE-CAJTdoifM7KMHsltatT0Vlxm_Gv219yLv1-PQZDiQpjUwqNXVnL2ZY7G-tIN9NzCP6XJX42rkWYBtD5/s1600/ac9b9-fondationjohnkobalruthharrietlouisebusterkeaton.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1022" data-original-width="800" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBp5MZyaUQHXTgxvAOT7KjPCep68mW_sfb2MW9bpZRyU_8d2OxCdxP93af-2wE-CAJTdoifM7KMHsltatT0Vlxm_Gv219yLv1-PQZDiQpjUwqNXVnL2ZY7G-tIN9NzCP6XJX42rkWYBtD5/s320/ac9b9-fondationjohnkobalruthharrietlouisebusterkeaton.jpg" width="250" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Ruth Harriet Louise<br />
Buster Keaton<br />
ca 1929</td></tr>
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Ruth photographed the likes of Greta Garbo, Lon Chaney, John Gilbert, Joan Crawford, and Marion Davies. Ruth became Greta Garbo's personal photographer. At twenty-four years old, she was already a two-year veteran of Hollywood who had joined the community just a few months before Garbo. However, b<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "libre franklin";">y 1930 tastes were changing. Norma Shearer selected George Hurrell to be her personal photographer as she liked the sexy glamour shots he produced. Louise’s elegant photos were not as desirable as they once were, and her contract was not renewed.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="background-color: white;">She retired from working as a photographer at MGM in 1927 to marry director </span>Leigh Jason and had a son who died of leukemia in 1932. Tragically,<span style="background-color: white;"> Louise and her baby died in 1940 of complications from her second childbirth. </span></span><br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Ruth Harriet Louise<br />
Renee Adoree<br />
1920s</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Ruth Harriet Louise<br />
John Gilbert<br />
1920s</td></tr>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Today, Ms. Louise is considered an equal to the likes of </span>George Hurrell, C<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "open sans";">larence Bull, Milton Greene and Cecil Beaton.</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"> Sr. and other renowned glamour photographers of the era.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Sources</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">___________________________________________________________________________</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Austin Film Society, </span><a href="https://www.austinfilm.org/2017/01/a-gallery-of-the-work-of-ruth-harriet-louise-photographer-hollywood-pioneer/">https://www.austinfilm.org/2017/01/a-gallery-of-the-work-of-ruth-harriet-louise-photographer-hollywood-pioneer/</a>, retrieved June 27, 2019</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Backlots, <a href="https://backlots.net/2014/04/01/the-work-of-ruth-harriet-louise-breaking-ground-for-women-in-photography/">https://backlots.net/2014/04/01/the-work-of-ruth-harriet-louise-breaking-ground-for-women-in-photography/</a>, retrieved June 27, 2019</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Ruth Harriet Louise and Hollywood Glamour Photography, Abstract, University of California Press, <a href="https://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520233485/ruth-harriet-louise-and-hollywood-glamour-photography">https://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520233485/ruth-harriet-louise-and-hollywood-glamour-photography</a>, retrieved June 27, 2019</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="background-color: white;">Questia, Ruth Harriet Louise and Hollywood Glamour Photography, Robert Dance and Bruce Robertson, </span></span><a href="https://www.questia.com/library/105875121/ruth-harriet-louise-and-hollywood-glamour-photography">https://www.questia.com/library/105875121/ruth-harriet-louise-and-hollywood-glamour-photography</a>, retrieved June 27, 2019</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">America Comes Alive, Ruth Harriet Louise, First Female Photographer in Hollywood, <a href="https://americacomesalive.com/2012/03/21/ruth-harriet-louise-1903-1940-first-female-staff-photographer-in-hollywood/">https://americacomesalive.com/2012/03/21/ruth-harriet-louise-1903-1940-first-female-staff-photographer-in-hollywood/</a>, retrieved June 27, 2019</span><br />
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Dr. Viki Sonstegardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11802292306245900882noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4900135980218613100.post-37541768056721656492018-12-31T11:10:00.005-08:002018-12-31T11:10:49.724-08:00Alice Brown Hamlin Chittenden: California Botanicals<br />
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">To close out 2018, a year of change and upheaval for many of us, I've chosen a painter who created lovely portraits and landscapes, but who was best known for her spectacular collection of paintings depicting California wildflowers. </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikw7WUv8hBOcYdEiYXcH9QvB9C55aLNR6DTxrq9vTojtxZ4o7fsovvzfjc6P2zVpYs-aCMDCJINfBHwoJG72gbzo7SYo53M56tZne7EA6MFk14Cg479dRzd_2KUqtaAhCCiUJeXYhojWsW/s1600/Alice_Brown_Chittenden.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="283" data-original-width="220" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikw7WUv8hBOcYdEiYXcH9QvB9C55aLNR6DTxrq9vTojtxZ4o7fsovvzfjc6P2zVpYs-aCMDCJINfBHwoJG72gbzo7SYo53M56tZne7EA6MFk14Cg479dRzd_2KUqtaAhCCiUJeXYhojWsW/s400/Alice_Brown_Chittenden.jpg" width="310" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Alice Brown Chittenden</b><br />October 14, 1859-October 13, 1944</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Alice Chittenden was born in 1859 in Brockport, New York and moved with her family as an infant to San Francisco where her father became a prosperous miner. Alice was encouraged to study art and was one of the early women in San Francisco to study at the School of Design (the first school of art in the City) where she was a student of Virgil Williams three years after it was established in 1877. She began a long affiliation with the school as she became an art instructor and taught at the School of Design for 43 years. She was married briefly to Charles Overton in 1886, had one daughter, and never remarried. With the exception of trips to New York, Italy and France to study and to exhibit her work, Chittenden lived in San Francisco for the rest of her life until her death in 1944. She maintained a studio on the 4<span style="border: 0px; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">th</span> floor of the Phelan Building and had a long and prolific career exhibiting her work for over 60 years. </span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhW8zY-qbQEQmKWJAsiL2T6tlZ1uSQgsUV1DceiPX5i27JocuRqSyaNgcl5ifR7hjT5wsbJTzccdTxR5H7NncxrOvP_MCWMrdkcogy3K-8w1xWZg8ng1jw2Pe4xcKJvvuygKrYEDBMeLj3K/s1600/Phelan+Building+1888.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="225" data-original-width="173" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhW8zY-qbQEQmKWJAsiL2T6tlZ1uSQgsUV1DceiPX5i27JocuRqSyaNgcl5ifR7hjT5wsbJTzccdTxR5H7NncxrOvP_MCWMrdkcogy3K-8w1xWZg8ng1jw2Pe4xcKJvvuygKrYEDBMeLj3K/s320/Phelan+Building+1888.jpg" width="246" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Phelan Building</b><br />San Francisco, California<br />ca 1888<br />Reminiscent of the Flatiron Building in NYC</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">The status of women's art in Nineteenth Century San Francisco was unique. As the seat of culture in the emerging West, the City attracted and supported a vigorous art community. The California School of Design, predecessor to today's San Francisco Art Institute, welcomed both men and women as students</span><i style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"> and</i><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"> instructors. California and Alaska Gold Rush dollars, Nevada Silver strikes and the completion of the Transcontinental Railroad, all contributed to affluence of the upper class and their desire to cultivate and collect art.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Women artists were studying and exhibiting art in San Francisco. The first class at the School of Design in 1874 had 46 women students out of a total of 60 (Wilson, 1983). When Alice Chittenden was appointed to the faculty in 1897 she was assigned to teach still-life drawing and painting. She became one of a few California artists who are known primarily for their work in still life paintings. Chittenden exhibited and received favorable reviews in what is thought to be the first major all-women’s art exhibition in the United States in 1885 sponsored by the San Francisco Art Association. She became the first woman juror for the Association’s art shows. Alice Chittenden and another female artist Maren Froelich were the first to break the all-male barrier at the Bohemian Club’s annual art exhibition in 1898. Chittenden was one of the charter members to organize the Women’s Sketch Club in 1906. Tragically, the 1906 earthquake and fire destroyed the headquarters of the Sketch Club along with most artists’ studios in San Francisco.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdu4mRpK41xireiypHNMfNp80rY3Yog3c0zbemPjD2wZCRF0OjcS09LqxfB46iNYaTF_mUeOi-dMFG0NyBQ3bbb-tjYJ_4H6XAs82IWuacEN2yZp16ojEkLAZD4yvoskiWlZ7P64pLXHZi/s1600/alice-brown-chittenden-a-foothill-landscape.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="370" data-original-width="480" height="306" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdu4mRpK41xireiypHNMfNp80rY3Yog3c0zbemPjD2wZCRF0OjcS09LqxfB46iNYaTF_mUeOi-dMFG0NyBQ3bbb-tjYJ_4H6XAs82IWuacEN2yZp16ojEkLAZD4yvoskiWlZ7P64pLXHZi/s400/alice-brown-chittenden-a-foothill-landscape.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Alice Brown Chittenden</b><br /><i>A Foothill Landscape</i><br />Oil on canvas board<br />ca n.d.<br />7 x 9 inches</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">Alice Chittenden was recognized as a prolific painter who is best-known for her paintings of over 350 varieties of California wildflowers. </span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPUtcXAsuKX5GitgQySBpH6_3MpnOjjIOMnUrV_FSzzgUQSD2zv3MA7egRzVzj93XQgj4GFT6BuArF5L5JZOhhVmOBLWMwFRYCJHpVMOeOvQOI1-mH3Te2KpP9Xw48RvM4BNtSCkvIgxsn/s1600/Alice-Chittenden-Poppies.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="272" data-original-width="432" height="251" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPUtcXAsuKX5GitgQySBpH6_3MpnOjjIOMnUrV_FSzzgUQSD2zv3MA7egRzVzj93XQgj4GFT6BuArF5L5JZOhhVmOBLWMwFRYCJHpVMOeOvQOI1-mH3Te2KpP9Xw48RvM4BNtSCkvIgxsn/s400/Alice-Chittenden-Poppies.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Alice Brown Chittenden</b><br /><i>Poppies</i><br />ca 1903<br />Oil on board<br />8 x 15 inches</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">Chittenden also painted numerous landscapes, mostly of Marin County, (see Mt. Tamalpais below) and portraits done primarily in pastel.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg09Ex8T9p6l7pr735gFpVDMY3wwGLgNvisTAWG5SDu1ScvSdC_aZzNly1l-7vkSDQkSilQXOjh9MoAWW-hFajtJtcbQa1vBwGH4-ZHDyOUPk5s4Tga7W3zQ_NGiQseYWBqWFJ2P6WuTbjx/s1600/Alice+Brown+Chittenden+-+Mount+Tamalpais+c1920s+%2528oil+on+canvas+on+board%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="300" data-original-width="379" height="316" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg09Ex8T9p6l7pr735gFpVDMY3wwGLgNvisTAWG5SDu1ScvSdC_aZzNly1l-7vkSDQkSilQXOjh9MoAWW-hFajtJtcbQa1vBwGH4-ZHDyOUPk5s4Tga7W3zQ_NGiQseYWBqWFJ2P6WuTbjx/s400/Alice+Brown+Chittenden+-+Mount+Tamalpais+c1920s+%2528oil+on+canvas+on+board%2529.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Alice Brown Chittenden</b><br /><i>Mount Tamalpais</i><br />ca 1920s<br />Oil on canvas board<br />8 x 10 inches</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">In 1895 an East Coast newspaper declared her the “leading flower painter of America” (Lekisch:95). In addition, she studied botany, discovering and collecting rare species of wildflowers on her excursions by stage and horseback in the Sierras and other wilderness areas which saw her sketching and painting wildflowers. Alice Chittenden exhibited in group shows including those of San Francisco Art Association, Mechanics Institute Fairs, First Annual Exhibition of Lady Artists of San Francisco, California Midwinter International Exposition, Bohemian Club, Sketch Club, golden Gate Memorial Museum and California Building all in San Francisco; California State Fair, Sacramento, California Building,World's Columbia Exposition, Chicago; California Building, Lewis and Clark Centennial Exposition, Portland, OR and solo expositions at the Schussler Gallery in San Francisco (1908), Stanford Art Gallery, Palo Alto (1918, 1922).</span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Alice Brown Chittenden</b><br /><i>Garden Scene</i><br />ca n.d.<br />Oil on canvas<br />20 x 24 inches</td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Resources__________________________________________________________________________________</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;">AskArt-Art Database, www.askart.com</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;">Hughes, Edan Milton. 2002. Artists in California 1786-1940. Third Edition. Sacramento: Crocker Art Museum. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;">Lekisch, Barbara, Embracing Scens about Lakes Tahoe and Donner, Great West Books, 2003.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;">Silver, Mae, Shaping San Francisco Digital Archive @Found San Francisco, 1884 Midwinter Fair: Women Artists, An Appreciation, 1994. Retrieved December 31, 2018.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;">Phil Kovinick and Marian Yoshiki Kovinick, An Encyclopedia of Women Artists of the American West, University of Texas Press, Austin, 1998, p 46.</span></div>
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Dr. Viki Sonstegardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11802292306245900882noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4900135980218613100.post-29003198691742268252018-12-04T10:49:00.000-08:002018-12-10T08:22:17.555-08:00Doris Totten Chase: Experimental Artist in Motion<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitoCVMMwmxlQ-JvEkgW6KUyLtMb4dkhUyuuKBmmnbCZS3xC52JuBcY9VYQIDyheuag8LLoWt77IX-No_CUs1exdoPdAzY9ounFBPTEng3oBaV78lxwJlr6smKdopa7SvxYFemb0IZVcQTf/s1600/chaseP.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="227" data-original-width="216" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitoCVMMwmxlQ-JvEkgW6KUyLtMb4dkhUyuuKBmmnbCZS3xC52JuBcY9VYQIDyheuag8LLoWt77IX-No_CUs1exdoPdAzY9ounFBPTEng3oBaV78lxwJlr6smKdopa7SvxYFemb0IZVcQTf/s1600/chaseP.jpg" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Doris Chase</span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">April 1923-December 2008</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Doris Totten Chase</b> was an American artist whose career spanned 55 years of innovation and experimentation, using a wide array of media that included painting, sculpture, printmaking, video, film, and computer-generated prints. Chase produced and directed over 70 films.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Doris Chase was a member of the <i>Northwest School</i>, an art movement established in the Seattle area that was the first time there was national recognition of artists in the Pacific Northwest beyond traditional Native American art forms. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Chase studied architecture at the University of Washington, but dropped out of college to marry Elmo Chase, a lieutenant in the U.S. Navy. After the birth of her first child, Chase became seriously ill, a victim of postpartum depression (not recognized as such at the time) and it became clear that her issue stemmed from"doing everything except what I wanted to do, which was to paint." She began to work again, studied oil painting and took a class with Northwest artist Mark Tobey. In 1948, one of her paintings was accepted into the Northwest Annual Exhibition.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Several years later, pregnant with their second child, her husband contracted polio and became almost completely paralyzed while they were in the process of building a house. (Chase was the architect). To support the family, Doris Chase taught painting and design at Edison Technical School and was accepted into Women Painters of Washington in 1951, where Chase remained a member until the mid-1960s. </span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTMvL5tRokpIDwoqy8xzaPluK6w0bKA1c0_bgubLikZQSa9ndMTa7cXjnWS74t94_Pr6MnTXnv3XMf6p3lylGPkxZdrEi4lq5oxur6TdUWvBLizTI9jZM6n3kQXQSNskJDFUdAJVOtBfaF/s1600/chase_untitled_seatedviolin.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="718" data-original-width="487" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTMvL5tRokpIDwoqy8xzaPluK6w0bKA1c0_bgubLikZQSa9ndMTa7cXjnWS74t94_Pr6MnTXnv3XMf6p3lylGPkxZdrEi4lq5oxur6TdUWvBLizTI9jZM6n3kQXQSNskJDFUdAJVOtBfaF/s320/chase_untitled_seatedviolin.jpg" width="217" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Doris Chase</span></b><br />
<i><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Untitled </span></i><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">ca 1964</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Ink and watercolor on paper</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">18 x 12.5 inches</span></td></tr>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br />Doris Chase's early work was primarily paintings of Northwest landscapes and figures, often musicians in blocks of color built up in some cases with sand to achieve a heavy, coarse, texture. She claimed her inspiration was the structured designs of Northwest Coast Native American basketry and carving. Her first solo exhibition at the Otto Seligman Gallery in 1956 was a success with reviews in the Seattle Times declaring her "a serious and talented young painter." Other shows and exhibits followed in New York and Tokyo. In addition, she was accepted into the Huntington Hartford Foundation's artist's colony for a month's opportunity to create in Pacific Palisades, California in the years 1965, '66, and '69. </span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBx1ymvl4ItFOGHRM3oMoXeI_Ke2a7oFjs4GPOCgmri3AYPZIhlGbb1lz_QnorXTfikQpbomqvg2FZbi4GJHvGyLGyVxOGeiEcyqupbVQSogVer6lzqTIDiNrjExvNnDMJJ4iQz5mxrUJJ/s1600/chase_to_see_to_feel_to_love.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="668" data-original-width="331" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBx1ymvl4ItFOGHRM3oMoXeI_Ke2a7oFjs4GPOCgmri3AYPZIhlGbb1lz_QnorXTfikQpbomqvg2FZbi4GJHvGyLGyVxOGeiEcyqupbVQSogVer6lzqTIDiNrjExvNnDMJJ4iQz5mxrUJJ/s320/chase_to_see_to_feel_to_love.jpg" width="158" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Doris Chase</span></b><br />
<i><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">To See, To Feel, To Love</span></i><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">ca 1966</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Oak and paint</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">19 x 5.5 x 3 inches</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Her work evolved from wash drawings into a series of cement painting meant to be installed outdoors and inscribed with faces and included words such as "joy" and "love." Chase also experimented with shaped canvases and painting on wood, some inset with hinged sections which, when opened, revealed an additional painted area.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Chase's sculptures grew. Pieces became large and kinetic. Many of her forms invited views to interact and rearrange modules that had the black-stained look that resembled the Northwest Coast Native American Art she had seen at the Alaska-Yukon_Pacific Exposition of 1919 that were on the University of Washington campus during her student days.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">In 1968, dancer Mary Staton used a set of Chase's large wooden circles within a choreographed dance. Dancers wheeled across the stage of the Seattle Opera house, spread-eagled like spokes inside enormous wooden wheels. </span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Doris Chase</span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Dancers in Hoops</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Choreographed piece by Mary Staton</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">In collaboration with Boeing, Chase produced <i>Circles</i>, a computer film based on spinning hoops and King Screen made a film of the dance/sculpture collaboration. Chase requested and received footage edited out of the King Screen film and created her own film, <i>Circles II</i> with help from professionals Bob Brown and Frank Olvey. </span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0R5o4HpzM67i7X3NwRzJayGqOYPZ3XBUXZ1kDAGksfI2o1gfhyiZmtcfzJ6F-nM_ZRghpR3OJ-_H88g1apAJGqLeoWo10c8C8SB_kQPiqXl5NA24UlxKEMI1aI_NTvFZxpFEhhc5PQzdP/s1600/Chasejonathan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="500" data-original-width="678" height="293" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0R5o4HpzM67i7X3NwRzJayGqOYPZ3XBUXZ1kDAGksfI2o1gfhyiZmtcfzJ6F-nM_ZRghpR3OJ-_H88g1apAJGqLeoWo10c8C8SB_kQPiqXl5NA24UlxKEMI1aI_NTvFZxpFEhhc5PQzdP/s400/Chasejonathan.jpg" width="400" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Doris Chase</span></b><br />
<i><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Jonathan and Circles</span></i><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">ca 1977</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Video Still</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Color separations showed the dancers and sculpture as color forms, time lapse made trails of light that followed the wake of the dancers' arms and legs. The film was recognized at the 1973 American Film Festival in New York where it was compared to Matisse's Dance painting. While <i>Circles II</i> was in production, Doris Chase built prototypes of large, colorful kinetic sculptures for children designed for kids to help them with equilibrium and body awareness.</span><br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Doris Chase</span></b><br />
<i><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Changing Form</span></i><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">ca 1971</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Kerry Park, Seattle, Washington</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Photo by David Wilma</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Sculpture has stereotypically been considered a "man's" work. Throughout history, there have been few women working in the discipline because of the weight of the materials or the upper body strength needed to lift, chip, polish, and generally work on heavy, large-scale pieces. In the 1960s, Chase proved that women could successfully create in the medium and one of her early steel sculptures, the 15 foot tall <i>Changing Form</i> was commissioned for Kerry Park on Queen Anne Hill, which became one of Seattle's most endearing and regarded public sculptures.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">In the early 1970s, at the front of the avant-garde movement, Chase began working in video using computer imaging, inspired by Nam June Paik, the Korean artist who is said to be the founder of video art. During 1973-74, she participated in the Experimental Television Center's Residency program and began to integrate her sculptures with interactive dancers, using special effects to create dream-like pieces. Check them out here: <a href="https://www.whatcommuseum.org/5-women-artists-doris-totten-chase">https://www.whatcommuseum.org/5-women-artists-doris-totten-chase</a></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">As a video artist, and under the the auspices of the U.S. Information Agency, Chase lectured and showed her work in India, Europe, Australia, South America, Czechoslovakia, and Romania. Using her favorite pale blue light as her medium, the dancers were integrated into a fluid, sensual choreography that explored movement in the context of abstract architecture. Long divorced, Chase's professional relationship became intimate with composer George Keinsinger, music composer of twelve of her videos.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">In the 1980s, Chase achieved a breakthrough into mainstream television with a series of 30 minute videos entitled the <i>By Herself</i> series in which she introduced the subject matter of older women in society to a wide audience. One video, entitled <i>Glass Curtain</i> (1983), explored actress Jennie Ventriss' anguish over her mother's deterioration due to Alzheimer's disease. <i>Table for One </i>(1985) starring actress Gerladine Page in a voice over monologue of a woman uneasy about dining alone, and <i>Dear Papa</i> (1986), starring Anne Jackson and her daughter Roberta Wallach followed by <i>A Dancer</i> (1987) were powerful voices for women during that time. <i>Dear Papa</i> won First Prize at the <i>1986 Women's International Film Festival</i> in Paris.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Parke Godwin's novel, A<i> Truce with Time</i> (1988, Bantam Books) is a fictionalized version of Chase's life during her time in New York. While he was writing the book, Chase made her own film about their relationship called<i> Still Frame</i>, produced at the American Film Institute. Art Historian Patricia Failing wrote a book about Chase entitled Doris Chase, Artist in Motion: From Painting and Sculpture to Video Art (1991, University of Washington Press). In 1989, Chase returned to Seattle, dividing her time between East and West working in video in New York and sculpture in Seattle. Ever experimenting, she began works in glass, sometimes in combination with steel.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKp5no1zEffssJoCtZtsymBvz89Zv3Y_GIlWLux-s-C7DRsB-QkdQojBTFyXIY46rVauhPqVdh9nCouyoJrFwYr1aXEnAhkU9aVDIKIaYDJHZSmsAvvDgjisE8apTWym-fM0hHqlKLqilH/s1600/glass+and+steel.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="850" data-original-width="689" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKp5no1zEffssJoCtZtsymBvz89Zv3Y_GIlWLux-s-C7DRsB-QkdQojBTFyXIY46rVauhPqVdh9nCouyoJrFwYr1aXEnAhkU9aVDIKIaYDJHZSmsAvvDgjisE8apTWym-fM0hHqlKLqilH/s320/glass+and+steel.jpg" width="259" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>Doris Chase</b><br /><i>Late Autumn</i><br />ca 1997<br />14.75 x 20 x 2 inches<br />Whatcom Museum, Bellingham, Washington</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">In 1993, Doris Chase produced a documentary about her home, the Chelsea Hotel which was originally conceived as New York's first major cooperative apartment building, owned by a consortium of wealthy families in 1883. The building became an apartment in 1905. Her video honored the building's 110th anniversary and those who called it home. </span><br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>Doris Chase</b><br /><i>Moon Gates</i><br />ca 1999<br />Bronze<br />17 x 9 feet</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">In 1999, Chase's four piece bronze sculpture, Moon Gates, was installed at Seattle Center in Washington. Her complete works of video and film was acquired by the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) in New York. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"> In 1999, her four-piece bronze sculpture <i>Moon Gates</i>, 17 feet high, was installed at Seattle Center. New York's MoMA acquired her complete video and film works. The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seattle_Art_Museum" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Seattle Art Museum">Seattle Art Museum</a> has only one Chase work in its collection: a 1950s oil painting. Chase's work won honors and awards at 21 film and video festivals. Her work has a permanent place in the archives of New York's <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Museum of Modern Art">Museum of Modern Art</a> (MoMA). It is collected by major museums and art centers in several countries.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Doris Totten Chase died in December of 2008 from a series of strokes and the effect of Alzheimer's disease. "She died in her own apartment with a good smile and a good attitude right up to the last," said her son Randy Chase. "She was always able to make the best of what she had...I always told her, 'hey, you did a great job,' and she did."</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;">Sources______________________________________________________________________</span></div>
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;">Archives West: Orbis Cascade Alliance, http://archiveswest.orbiscascade.org/ark:/80444/xv59030, retrieved December 4, 2018</span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;">Artistltrust, https://artisttrust.org/index.php/award-winners/artist-profile/doris_chase, retrieved November 28, 2018</span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;">Abmeyer + Wood Fine Art, http://www.abmeyerwood.com/Artist-Detail.cfm?ArtistsID=599&ppage=48</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif;">Northwest Women Artists 1880-2010, retrieved November 28, 2018</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="background-color: transparent;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif;">Whatcom Museum, Colton Redfeldt, https://www.whatcommuseum.org/virtual_exhibit/universal_exhibit/vex21/46AD0911-67EB-4FDC-AE25-880933573895.htm, retrieved, December 4, 2018</span></span></span></div>
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Dr. Viki Sonstegardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11802292306245900882noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4900135980218613100.post-82091631230212024702018-11-18T17:11:00.000-08:002018-11-18T17:11:16.453-08:00Eliza Barchus: Northwest American Landscape Painter<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Eliza R. Barchus</b><br />1857-1959</td></tr>
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It's been a while since my last post-I retired from teaching and moved to Portland, Oregon for a year of adventure and exploration so, meet Eliza Barchus, a native Oregonian and landscape painter. Born in Salt Lake City, Utah, December 4, 1857, Barchus relocated to Oregon with her second husband, John, in 1880. While she was raising a family, she began to study art with William Parrott, joined the Mutual Art Association, and began to exhibit at early industrial fairs. Barchus sold her first painting in 1885 and drew national attention in 1890 when one of her large paintings of Mount Hood, a 40 x 60 inch canvas, was displayed at the National Academy of Design in New York City. She created a number of paintings of the mountain such as the one below.<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Eliza R. Barchus</b><br /><i>Mt. Hood</i><br /><span style="background-color: white; font-size: x-small; line-height: 19.5px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Oil on Art Board <br />4 1/2 x 6 1/2 inches</span></span></td></tr>
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Widowed in 1899, Barchus became the sole support of her family. In addition to managing a thriving art studio, she sold and traded many artworks in order to make ends meet. In 1905 she won a gold medal at the Lewis and Clark Centennial Exposition for her paintings and is also credited with the introduction of color postcards in the United States made from six of her landscapes at the exposition.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcRS21ZAq0oLXKKNK_l2MXU0m9c0iS5-KN3fTOSdWE5T6pDAC36Xp5aTkX2fgwkWK7at0ee79tNGX1ChpwiqMnbnEGYuWmgn5IWKzg7dENyQJt6RThPvC31gpGsfQAg2ZblLdZ54dZlWc5/s1600/web-postcard-crater-lake.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="266" data-original-width="533" height="198" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcRS21ZAq0oLXKKNK_l2MXU0m9c0iS5-KN3fTOSdWE5T6pDAC36Xp5aTkX2fgwkWK7at0ee79tNGX1ChpwiqMnbnEGYuWmgn5IWKzg7dENyQJt6RThPvC31gpGsfQAg2ZblLdZ54dZlWc5/s400/web-postcard-crater-lake.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19.5px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: small;">This lithograph was offered for sale at 50 cents during the 1905 Lewis and Clark Exposition. The lithographs of Mt. Hood at Sunset and Mt. Rainier at Noonday (large size) were a little more – 75 cents. Unsold inventory after the Fair generated income for the family for years afterwards.</span></span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhApGkAsnJzscL7xhtP9qrLxq8ya7n3lDJpTu7ERi3orJN0iglFTDoVtyAWhlunZ99i1KOt9R5J-TSioYelifd9RB8oCgQzMINopEeVW3yo_ouq3NhYWbxrWXUAonup0fSWkixswCY5rmOU/s1600/web-advertising-sign.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="544" data-original-width="378" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhApGkAsnJzscL7xhtP9qrLxq8ya7n3lDJpTu7ERi3orJN0iglFTDoVtyAWhlunZ99i1KOt9R5J-TSioYelifd9RB8oCgQzMINopEeVW3yo_ouq3NhYWbxrWXUAonup0fSWkixswCY5rmOU/s200/web-advertising-sign.jpg" width="137" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: x-small; line-height: 19.5px; text-align: -webkit-left;">This sign was created on sheet metal, painted black with white lettering. It measures approximately 20″ by 14.” A December 22, 1901 mention in the Oregonian newspaper announced that: </span><em style="background-color: white; font-size: small; line-height: 19.5px; text-align: -webkit-left;">Mrs. E. R. Barchus, artist, painter of mountain scenery, offers her beautiful picture of Mount Hood for the holidays. Small sizes. Low prices. Room 1 Multnomah block.</em><span style="background-color: white; font-size: x-small; line-height: 19.5px; text-align: -webkit-left;"><br />The reference to “Room 1” on both the sign and in the article link the sign to her time in that studio.</span></span></td></tr>
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Eliza Barchus was quite the innovative artist and businesswoman. She produced thousands of artworks, often employing an assembly-line system, painting several canvases at once. She painted almost exclusively in oil with just a few watercolor sketches that were most likely done as preliminary pieces for the larger works. Barchus advertised in catalogs and had a thriving business through the mail. For those familiar with local history, Eliza Barchus sold paintings at the B.B. Rich Cigar and Concession at the Portland Hotel where Portland's "Living Room" now exists: Pioneer Square.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiu7meM1U0ySBuPKAhJFPRpG3Nl-5eQwuB0QgcMovv0zail7Ww8oWOzne766Qcjr_H_MlTA25WC2m8OnGQTrLuF_lwE_PhkWANFrYfrIL_IpI_RwozLcJYWewRUyZIf26FNuMspgpHM3c2i/s1600/web-wilson-river.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="348" data-original-width="506" height="275" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiu7meM1U0ySBuPKAhJFPRpG3Nl-5eQwuB0QgcMovv0zail7Ww8oWOzne766Qcjr_H_MlTA25WC2m8OnGQTrLuF_lwE_PhkWANFrYfrIL_IpI_RwozLcJYWewRUyZIf26FNuMspgpHM3c2i/s400/web-wilson-river.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Eliza R. Barchus</b><br /><i>Wilson River (?) Oregon</i><br /><span style="background-color: white; font-size: x-small; line-height: 19.5px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Oil on Art Board <br />4 1/2 x 6 1/2 inches</span></span></td></tr>
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Eliza Barchus was an artist of considerable talent and a business woman quite ahead of her time. Her painting career ended in 1935 due to arthritis and failing eyesight, but she lived until she was 102 years old. She is one of Oregon's most popular pioneer artists and, several years after her death, Barchus was named "The Oregon Artist" by the Oregon Legislative Assembly. Eleanor Roosevelt honored Eliza Barchus' 100th birthday in her syndicated column, "My Day."<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjx5kGTvJ8HXbIeluMY-wljdDYBHvrQD6aymbfrdCgwJuY1WaEkim9EIwlnrF1W1ypB3cuIbUaG2YWO2QRmag1D5HDxnZ5ehNfz-ONrwDgMufFXUPQAbLl_nW_mNMvvIuivzm3dN5AXJ-NF/s1600/multnoma+falls.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="597" data-original-width="340" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjx5kGTvJ8HXbIeluMY-wljdDYBHvrQD6aymbfrdCgwJuY1WaEkim9EIwlnrF1W1ypB3cuIbUaG2YWO2QRmag1D5HDxnZ5ehNfz-ONrwDgMufFXUPQAbLl_nW_mNMvvIuivzm3dN5AXJ-NF/s320/multnoma+falls.jpg" width="182" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b style="font-size: 12.8px;">Eliza R. Barchus</b><br style="font-size: 12.8px;" /><i style="font-size: 12.8px;">Multnoma Falls</i><br style="font-size: 12.8px;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-size: x-small; line-height: 19.5px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Oil on canvas<br />12.25 x 22 inches</span></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Sources</b></span>__________________________________________________________________<br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">The Oregon Encyclopedia, Ginny Allen, https://oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/barchus_eliza_1857_1959_/#.W_IDa_krJkp, retrieved November 18, 2018</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Elizabeth R. Barchus, Oregon Artist, Research Site, http://elizabarchus.com/wordpress/?page_id=4</span>Dr. Viki Sonstegardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11802292306245900882noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4900135980218613100.post-16297805845093227892018-04-24T11:45:00.000-07:002018-04-24T11:45:22.637-07:00Abby Tyler Oakes: One of the First!<br /><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img alt="Artwork by Abigail Tyler Oakes, ACROSS THE VALLEY, Made of oil on canvas" height="252" src="https://media.mutualart.com/Images/2016_05/30/11/115305953/377bfc26-f798-45e7-ad91-d3c226430664_570.Jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="320" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Abby Tyler Oaks</span></b><br />
<i><span style="font-size: x-small;">Across the Valley</span></i><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">c 1854</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Oil on canvas</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">17 3/4 x 24 inches</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">According to a simply marvelous book entitled </span><i>"An Encyclopedia of </i><i style="background-color: white;">Women Artists of the American West" </i><span style="background-color: white;">by Phil Kovinick and Marian Yoshiki-Kovinick,</span><span style="background-color: white;"> artists have been inspired by the American West for more than 150 years, producing works of art as varied as the region itself and distinctive for their power and imagination. Early artists from the Hudson River School such as Albert Bierstadt and Edwin Church, and Abby Tyler Oakes, painted landscapes from uncultivated areas of the Hudson River valley in New York. They headed west, to capture and depict America's panoramic landscape views which explored the individual's and country's relationship to the land. In other words, what identifying qualities rendered America's history and geography, unique?</span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCdeUDjjDjs7aITcOoWkYUwC4dKFmWdlerVMxtpST4t3LrJo14N6EsCUKrwMlG6WuwfQSbXCVIv7NuDF9WkWzpTAHCImpvufZMeb6DIeKj3TZRgp0giiI0LMxpJiq0HcweBw9hgr4trT-r/s1600/western+mt+landscape+w+waterfall.Jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="245" data-original-width="417" height="235" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCdeUDjjDjs7aITcOoWkYUwC4dKFmWdlerVMxtpST4t3LrJo14N6EsCUKrwMlG6WuwfQSbXCVIv7NuDF9WkWzpTAHCImpvufZMeb6DIeKj3TZRgp0giiI0LMxpJiq0HcweBw9hgr4trT-r/s400/western+mt+landscape+w+waterfall.Jpeg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Abby Tyler Oaks</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Western Mountain Landscape with Waterfall</i></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">n.d.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Oil on canvas</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">23 x 44 inches</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;"><span style="background-color: transparent;">Early female artists played a major role in the development and growth of art communities through their participation in art schools, art associations, art colonies and public art exhibitions. California, San Francisco in particular,</span><span style="background-color: transparent;"> became the first mecca for women artists in the West. A boom town as a result of the discovery of gold in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada, San Francisco exploded into a financial and cultural center almost overnight. Those original female artists to arrive in the 1850s, sailing via Cape Horn or the Isthmus of Panama, were typical of the many who were to follow. The migrants who settled in to stay, or visited other centers in the West in subsequent years were the wives, daughters, or sisters of business, religious, and professional men; many connected with people of at least moderate means. Some were self-taught as artists, not surprising for a woman at that time; a number, had substantial art study and training while many were teachers.</span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGfTW_iYfoNFxAzYDNkwn5g2S5MzEDyjidkGVzAk0Ou3CL4486Z5JYWYJnmTxtv6b0wAQVkt__t8QX4l-qnpm3-C7Q61DEZD03p7xmyZUb6gerrPlj_8wxsnR2bmMDJhAKXiPeghndGJTg/s1600/Mountain+Vista.Jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="411" data-original-width="550" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGfTW_iYfoNFxAzYDNkwn5g2S5MzEDyjidkGVzAk0Ou3CL4486Z5JYWYJnmTxtv6b0wAQVkt__t8QX4l-qnpm3-C7Q61DEZD03p7xmyZUb6gerrPlj_8wxsnR2bmMDJhAKXiPeghndGJTg/s320/Mountain+Vista.Jpeg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div style="font-size: 12.8px; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Abby Tyler Oaks</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><i> Mountain Vista</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">n.d.</span></div>
<div style="font-size: 12.8px; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Oil on canvas</span></div>
<div style="font-size: 12.8px; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">18 x 24 inches</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Born in New York state, Abby Oakes shares with Mary Park Seavy Benton credit for being California's first professional woman artist. According to her birth certificate, Abby was born and raised in Charleston, Massachusetts. In 1845, at age 19, she married Bostonian William Harrison Oakes, a music engraver and printer of newspapers. The couple had two sons, one who did not survive infancy. In 1856, she left Boston and joined her husband in San Francisco, where he was working for the <i style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">San Francisco Bulletin. </i><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Abby</span> was active for several years in the Bay Area as an artist, including exhibiting at the Mechanics Institute in 1857. During her stay in California, she received high praise from local newspapers for her studies of Yosemite and other Sierra Nevada scenes.</span></div>
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<div style="font-size: 12.8px; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Abby Tyler Oaks</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Croton, New York</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">n.d.</span></div>
<div style="font-size: 12.8px; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Oil on canvas</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">no size given</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1tZbEryGQQRl7oLuMpM7_CUFhBtlnQ-gjESINN0XeKSAjPkcS0SFhLemJKgkHQsoF7jC1Rsa6FQUNi7H1XWKkUVQGQfQhMW-FHCMMulL1nt4JZ-Y5lLJAXSuUrpRVk00IFj0yEo-Bexzb/s1600/Hudson+River+Boating+Scene.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="262" data-original-width="400" height="209" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1tZbEryGQQRl7oLuMpM7_CUFhBtlnQ-gjESINN0XeKSAjPkcS0SFhLemJKgkHQsoF7jC1Rsa6FQUNi7H1XWKkUVQGQfQhMW-FHCMMulL1nt4JZ-Y5lLJAXSuUrpRVk00IFj0yEo-Bexzb/s320/Hudson+River+Boating+Scene.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div style="font-size: 12.8px; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Abby Tyler Oaks</b></span></div>
<div style="font-size: 12.8px; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Hudson River Boating Scene</i></span></div>
<div style="font-size: 12.8px; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">c 1859</span></div>
<div style="font-size: 12.8px; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Oil on canvas</span></div>
<div style="font-size: 12.8px; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">23 x 44 inches</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Abby Oakes settled with her husband in New York City where she continued her art career and did dramatic writing and William, who lived until 1890, formed his own engraving business. From 1865 to 1886, she exhibited at the National Academy of Design, and in 1868, studied in France with Emile Charles Lambinet. Oakes lived in the city until about 1891 when it is thought that she returned to Charleston where she died in about 1898, however, that date is undocumented.<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><br />Her painting subjects in New York state include Hudson River locations, and among the titles of her work were <i style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">The Clove</i> and <i style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Catskill Mountains</i>. In France and England, she also did landscapes such as <i style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">On the Marne, France</i> and <i style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Near Hampton, England</i>. California titles include <i style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">View of Mission Dolores, Great Yosemite Falls, California, </i>and<i style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> Ocean Beach, San Francisco</i>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Although her western experience was brief, Abby Tyler Oakes was one of the first women and certainly among the most capable to paint the state of California during the 1850s. A prize winner and exhibitor, her work is in the collection of the California Historical Society. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;">Sources_______________________________________________________________________</span><br />
<span style="font-family: times, times new roman, serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>An Encyclopedia of Women Artists of the American West</i>, Phil Kovinick and Marian Yoshiki-Kovinick, Univeristy of Tesas Press, Austin, 1998, p. 234. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: times, times new roman, serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>Yesterday and Tomorrow: California Women Artists</i>, Sylvia Moore, ed. Midmarch Arts Press, New York, 1989, p. 64.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: times, times new roman, serif; font-size: x-small;">Artwork from various websites including Mutual Art, askArt, and invaluable, retrieved April 24, 2018. </span><br />
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<br />Dr. Viki Sonstegardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11802292306245900882noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4900135980218613100.post-58817435037397105822017-12-11T11:13:00.000-08:002017-12-11T11:13:54.050-08:00Anna A. Hills: California Impressionist<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitD1hFdlTI4lzdyY7dNwknBPQGVeIf2OEHQkOZEXCLEgqwDlKW-CRt32bXXkjZR_jdxISzMvtoxJwIQdccRFyV_Z_lr7eDF7BRerVULHvtR98Ir-O8Nhms-isKiEZOvJfgVY2RypINUbdp/s1600/anna-hills-artist.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="428" data-original-width="250" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitD1hFdlTI4lzdyY7dNwknBPQGVeIf2OEHQkOZEXCLEgqwDlKW-CRt32bXXkjZR_jdxISzMvtoxJwIQdccRFyV_Z_lr7eDF7BRerVULHvtR98Ir-O8Nhms-isKiEZOvJfgVY2RypINUbdp/s320/anna-hills-artist.png" width="186" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Anna Althea Hills</td></tr>
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Anna Althea Hills was a renowned plein-air artist, community activist, and a key founder of the Laguna Art Museum. Hills was a six-term president of the Laguna Beach Art Association and is best-known for her work as a California Impressionist, specializing in landscape, marine, genre, and figure painting. <div>
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Anna A. Hills was born in Ravenna, Ohio on January 28, 1882, daughter of a minister. Due to her father's occupation as a Presbyterian minister, the family lived in a number of locations during her childhood. Hills lost her mother in 1886 when she was just four years old, and her father remarried several years later. In 1898, Hills attended Olivet College in Michigan where she took painting and drawing classes. She went on to study at the School of the AIC (Art Institute of Chicago), and Cooper Union in New York where, in 1905, she won awards for her watercolor and oil painting and in 1906, for her still life work. She received her diploma in 1908 and culminated her art training abroad between the years 1908-1913 at the Academie Julian, Paris. </div>
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Hills returned to the United States in 1914 and settled in Los Angeles. As she began to visit and sketch in Laguna Beach, surrounded by its scenic beauty, she decided to move there to pursue her art career. Hills taught painting, helped to organize the Laguna Beach Art Association and helped to found a new gallery which opened in 1929. </div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><b>Anna A. Hills</b><br /><i>Sunshine & Shadow, </i><br /><i>1915</i><br />Oil on board, <br />7 x 10 inches<br />Orange County Park, California<br />Private Collection</span></span></td></tr>
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Hills' early landscapes were created using the darker atmospheric Barbizon tradition, but once in Southern California's light and varied landscape, in addition to her exposure to contemporaries Edgar Payne and George Brandriff, she embraced a lighter palette while abandoning her brushes for the palette knife. Coastal scenes from Laguna to Carmel including trees were among her favorite themes. She also loved the desert, staying in such locations as Banning and Hemet. Physically energetic, and despite a severe spinal injury, Hills took ruggedly adventurous trips into remote mountain areas to sketch. </div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><b>Anna A. Hills</b><br /><span style="background-color: white;"><em style="font-size: 12px;">Springtime, Banning, California</em><span style="font-size: 12px;"><br />1916</span><br style="font-size: 12px;" /><span style="font-size: 12px;">Oil on paperboard, <br />10 x 14 inches</span><br style="font-size: 12px;" /><span style="font-size: 12px;">Private Collection, shown by the Irvine Museum</span></span></span></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Anna A. Hills</b><br /><i>The Lone Palm </i><br />1918<br />Andreas Canyon<br />Oil on board<br />10 x 7 inches<br />Private Collection<br /></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXr9bCg0vu9ivGmeBM207yCboTBI0hlFE4khzmT_tqIlBWVJ8e_ErTGkRWHggL6ezpXF7ltF52RuSlTpoTwWDpYgQ3D3mR3jsTLhyAKtxfuwjMlRF_dboo0dhgQDZaZfEF2Ign-w2NaYXI/s1600/AAH_Hills_Anna_Althea_The_Spell_of_the_Sea.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="236" data-original-width="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXr9bCg0vu9ivGmeBM207yCboTBI0hlFE4khzmT_tqIlBWVJ8e_ErTGkRWHggL6ezpXF7ltF52RuSlTpoTwWDpYgQ3D3mR3jsTLhyAKtxfuwjMlRF_dboo0dhgQDZaZfEF2Ign-w2NaYXI/s1600/AAH_Hills_Anna_Althea_The_Spell_of_the_Sea.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Anna A. Hills</b><br /><i>The Spell of the Sea</i><br />Laguna Beach near Moss Point<br />1920<br />30 x 39<br />Oil on Canvas<br />Private Collection</td></tr>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Hills won the Bronze Medal at the Panama-California Exposition, San Diego in 1915; the Bronze Medal at the California State Fair, 1919; and the Landscape Prize at the Laguna Beach Art Association, 1922 and 1923. Anna A. Hills died at age 48 on June 19th, 1930. </span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Anna A. Hills exhibited widely including with the San Francisco Art Association, the California Art Club, the Panama Pacific Exhibition in San Diego, the Laguna Beach Art Association, and the California State Fair in Sacramento. Her solo shows included the Kanst Galleries in Los Angeles, the Los Angeles Museum of Art and California State University, Long Beach. Her works are often featured in shows curated by the Irvine Museum, Irvine, California.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>Sources</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;">The Eclectic Light Company, <i>Into the Light, Anna Hills and California Light,</i> https://eclecticlight.co/2016/06/18/into-the-light-anna-hills-and-california-light/ retrieved December 11, 2017.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>An Encyclopedia of Women Artists of the American West</i>, Phil Kovinick and Marian Yoshiki-Kovinick, University of Texas Press, Austin, 1998, p. 142. </span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>Independent Spirits, Women Painters of the American West, 1890-1945</i>, University of California Press, Los Angeles, 1995, ppg 66, 68.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;">Bodega Bay Heritage Gallery Monthly, <i>Anna Althea Hills, 1880-1930</i>, http://www.bodegabayheritagegallery.com/Hills_Anna.htm, retrieved December 11, 2017.</span></span></div>
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Dr. Viki Sonstegardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11802292306245900882noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4900135980218613100.post-13877103430114430012017-09-20T09:12:00.000-07:002017-09-20T11:03:41.256-07:00Waldine Tauch: American Sculptress<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Waldine Amanda Tauch at work</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Tauch Family. Standing: Emma (left) and Waldine<br />
<span style="background-color: white; text-align: start;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;">Courtesy Fayette Heritage Museum & Archives</span></span></td></tr>
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<b><i>Waldine Amanda Tauch</i></b> was born on January 28, 1892, in Schulenberg, Texas, the second of three children of William and Elizabeth (Heimann) Tauch. Her father, the mayor of Fayetteville, a farmer and photographer, recognized and encouraged her emerging artistic abilities by giving her photographs to draw. At age seven she began to sculpt, initially modeling in clay, and later carving soap, wood, chalk, and stone. When she was 13, while living in Brady, Texas, she carved a figure from butter for the McCulloch County Fair. Brady Tuesday Club president Maggie Miller Henderson convinced local rising sculptor Pompeo L. Coppini to take Waldine as his pupil, and in 1910, just two weeks shy of graduating from high school, she began her studies with Coppini in San Antonio. When funds for her education were exhausted, Coppini taught her without tuition and he and his wife welcomed her as a foster daughter in their home. </div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Pompeo Luigi Coppini </b><br />
May 19, 1870-September 26, 1957<br />
b. Moglia, Mantua, Italy</td></tr>
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Under the influence of Coppini, a staunch advocate of classical sculpture, Tauch developed a naturalistic style, He condemned abstract art as "an irritation to the eye and an insult to the mind!" By 1911 she had secured her first public commission, a bas-relief (low-relief sculpture) commemorating Mrs. I. J. Rice, for the Brownwood Library. More commissions followed, primarily for portrait busts. Tauch determined that she wanted to sculpt heroic public monuments and Coppini initially opposed her decision, arguing that a small woman would not have the strength to complete the larger-than-life-sized works, an issue that faces all women who sculpt large-scale works.</div>
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From 1918 to 1922 Tauch worked with Coppini in his Chicago studio, where she assisted him with various projects and completed a life-sized marble high relief commemorating her early patron, Maggie Miller Henderson (1919), which was placed over Henderson's grave in Richmond, Kentucky. Tauch returned to San Antonio for a short time but, in 1922, moved to New York to help Coppini's wife recover from an injury and to assist him in his work on the Littlefield Fountain for the University of Texas at Austin.</div>
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During the following twelve years in New York City, Tauch completed a number of major sculptures, including her first commission for a large work, the Indiana War Memorial (1926) in Bedford, Indiana. While in New York she began producing small genre figures that were reproduced for the mass market by the Gorham Company. Small statuettes such as <em>Surfboard</em> (ca. 1924), <em>Gulf Breeze</em> (1929), and <em>Boy and Eel</em> (1924), all of which celebrated the nude figure, revealed a more romantic, personal, vision than the sober commemorative works that occupied most of her time. </div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Waldine Amanda Tauch</b><br />
<i>Turbulent Youth</i><br />
Bronze Bookends<br />
1940</td></tr>
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Tauch returned to San Antonio in 1935 in order to compete for commissions inspired by the Texas Centennial celebration (1936). She was awarded the commission to carve <em>The First Shot Fired For Texas Independence</em> (1935), a life-sized bronze bas-relief set in granite seven miles southwest of Gonzales, near the site of the battle of Gonzales. She also completed Centennial memorials to Moses Austin (1937–38) in San Antonio and Isaac and Frances C. Lipscomb Van Zandt (1938) in Canton. In 1936 Tauch and Coppini built a studio at 115 Melrose Place, San Antonio. Their sharing the costs of the studio indicated a move away from their mentor-protege's relationship to a partnership. Tauch remained in San Antonio for the rest of her career, completing works for patrons throughout Texas and in New York, Massachusetts, Virginia, and Oklahoma. </div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Waldine Amanda Tauch</b><br /><i>Douglas MacArthur</i><br />Bronze<br />ca. 1969<br /><span style="font-size: x-small; text-align: -webkit-left;">Douglas MacArthur Academy of Freedom</span><br style="font-size: small; text-align: -webkit-left;" /><span style="font-size: x-small; text-align: -webkit-left;">Affiliated with Howard Payne University</span></span></td></tr>
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Her best-known works are <em>Douglas MacArthur</em>, an eight-foot bronze statue at Howard Payne University, Brownwood; <em>Higher Education Reflects Responsibility to the World</em> (1965), a heroic-sized bronze at Trinity University, San Antonio; <em>Texas Ranger of Today</em> (1960), an eight-foot bronze statue at the Union Terminal in Dallas; and <em>Pippa Passes</em>, a bronze, life-sized high relief at Baylor University, in Waco, Texas.</div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcAHPdLZm7CXuIDejlrrjPsnZQnneyil4Tv339LhmWMH-EZj0C5nW4dT_qVm58Rzmu3ZYPP-06fRTjfsLdtx8aPY9rdHEgjtxPi5P5mXDytKoObY-mfV-gMvlpigt70eyXYtJmSK1PW754/s1600/Pippa+Passes.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="250" data-original-width="272" height="293" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcAHPdLZm7CXuIDejlrrjPsnZQnneyil4Tv339LhmWMH-EZj0C5nW4dT_qVm58Rzmu3ZYPP-06fRTjfsLdtx8aPY9rdHEgjtxPi5P5mXDytKoObY-mfV-gMvlpigt70eyXYtJmSK1PW754/s320/Pippa+Passes.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Waldine Amanda Tauch</b><br />
<i>Pippa Passes</i><br />
Bronze<br />
ca 1956<br />
Baylor University, Waco, Texas</td></tr>
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In addition to sculpting, Tauch traveled throughout the state promoting traditional art in lectures to various clubs and organizations. In 1939 she began teaching, initially at the San Antonio Art Academy and later in her own studio. She taught at Trinity University from 1943 to 1945, when Coppini was head of the art department there. In 1945 Coppini and Tauch founded the Academy of Fine Arts, a club dedicated to traditional art styles and techniques. Members met regularly for discussion and exhibited their work in museums and galleries throughout the state. The organization was later renamed Coppini Academy of Fine Arts and was sponsored by Tauch after her mentor's death in 1957. </div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEpiB8MieyZIUoS1A46zVSDePyZxvUTq0UwhWdHy8yIAo_5_t1Bkq0Hlm7ZrWbfgzV9PixQSq5QQOibyAFo3ZE48-MDxZYT0sF6fGJ1029kueuL2uS6Bqaqc4rIakhBZ9THWMvymD1_nhj/s1600/Coppini+Academy+of+Fine+Arts.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="899" data-original-width="1600" height="179" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEpiB8MieyZIUoS1A46zVSDePyZxvUTq0UwhWdHy8yIAo_5_t1Bkq0Hlm7ZrWbfgzV9PixQSq5QQOibyAFo3ZE48-MDxZYT0sF6fGJ1029kueuL2uS6Bqaqc4rIakhBZ9THWMvymD1_nhj/s320/Coppini+Academy+of+Fine+Arts.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Coppini Academy of Fine Arts</b><br />
1926-Present<br />
San Antonio, Texas</td></tr>
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Tauch was active in a number of other organizations, including the Society of Medalists, the Southern States Art League, the Artists Professional League, the National Society of Arts and Letters, Artists and Craftsmen, the San Antonio Art League, and the National Association of Women Painters and Sculptors. In 1941 she was awarded an honorary doctorate of fine arts degree by Howard Payne College, and in 1964 she was elected a fellow of the National Sculpture Society of New York City. The Texas Senate awarded her a Recognition Certificate in 1969 for her contribution to the cultural and artistic life of Texas and the nation. In 1971 Alpha Delta Kappa, an honorary society for women educators, named Tauch Woman of Distinction. She continued to sculpt into her eighties, when her eyesight began to fail. </div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9Z1ApEACfeHgB83rPLh6-UQO3UNp09kVIqmO9mF3G3obTX4QkG-VqhyphenhyphenbbLpZoY6g6wcYxEAijgxpit0N0UryAL0KI4-ts9oheChUxEyN5jgpyBmG_R3FPh3ZW4ebIHZdRNZ2XnCDp84bY/s1600/Comanch+indian.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="403" data-original-width="310" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9Z1ApEACfeHgB83rPLh6-UQO3UNp09kVIqmO9mF3G3obTX4QkG-VqhyphenhyphenbbLpZoY6g6wcYxEAijgxpit0N0UryAL0KI4-ts9oheChUxEyN5jgpyBmG_R3FPh3ZW4ebIHZdRNZ2XnCDp84bY/s320/Comanch+indian.jpg" width="246" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="caption-text-content" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Comanche Indian bas-relief figure, once a fountain<br />Waldine Tauch<br />Commerce Street Bridge, San Antonio, Texas</span></td></tr>
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Waldine Tauch died in San Antonio on March 31, 1986, and was buried at Sunset Memorial Park in the plot where the Coppinis are buried. Many of her sculptures are on view at her former studio, which now houses workshops, classes, and exhibitions sponsored by the Coppini Academy of Fine Arts. Tauch, who was a fellow of both the National Sculpture society and the American Academy of Arts and Letters is also represented in many public collections, among them the Panhandle-Plains Historical Museum, Canyon; the MacArthur Memorial Foundation, Norfolk, Virginia; the National Cowboy Hall of Fame, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; and the Witte Museum, San Antonio.</div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman";">Here is a link to a video for more information on the life of Waldine Amanda Tauch. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman";"><a href="https://vimeo.com/184717184">https://vimeo.com/184717184</a></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13px; letter-spacing: normal; text-transform: none;">Sources</span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13px; letter-spacing: normal; text-transform: none;">__________________________________________________________________</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 13px; letter-spacing: normal; text-transform: none;">Phil Kovinick and Marian Yoshiki-Kovinick, <i>An Encyclopedia of Women Artists of the American West</i>,</span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 13px; letter-spacing: normal; text-transform: none;"> University of Texas Press, Austin, 1998, p. 298.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 13px; letter-spacing: normal; text-transform: none;"><br /></span></span></div>
<span style="color: #777777; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; letter-spacing: 0.025em; text-transform: uppercase;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 13px; letter-spacing: normal; text-transform: none;">Texas State Historical Association, <i>Waldine Amanda Tauch</i>, </span></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: 13px;">https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fta36, published in partnership with University of Texas at Austin, retrieved September 19, 2017.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 13px; letter-spacing: normal; text-transform: none;">Pompeo Coppini, </span><em style="color: #333333; font-size: 13px; letter-spacing: normal; text-transform: none;">From Dawn to Sunset</em><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 13px; letter-spacing: normal; text-transform: none;"> (San Antonio: Naylor, 1949). Coppini-Tauch Papers, Dolph Briscoe Center for American History, University of Texas at Austin. Dallas </span><em style="color: #333333; font-size: 13px; letter-spacing: normal; text-transform: none;">Morning News</em><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 13px; letter-spacing: normal; text-transform: none;">, April 3, 1986. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 13px; letter-spacing: normal; text-transform: none;">Patricia D. Hendricks and Becky D. Reese, </span><em style="color: #333333; font-size: 13px; letter-spacing: normal; text-transform: none;">A Century of Sculpture in Texas, 1889–1989</em><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 13px; letter-spacing: normal; text-transform: none;"> (Huntington Art Gallery, University of Texas at Austin, 1989). Alice Hutson, </span><em style="color: #333333; font-size: 13px; letter-spacing: normal; text-transform: none;">From Chalk to Bronze: A Biography of Waldine Tauch</em><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 13px; letter-spacing: normal; text-transform: none;"> (Austin: Shoal Creek, 1978).</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 13px; letter-spacing: normal; text-transform: none;"><br /></span></span></div>
<span style="color: #777777; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; letter-spacing: 0.025em; text-transform: uppercase;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 13px; letter-spacing: normal; text-transform: none;">Vimeo, Waldine Tauch Documentary, </span></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: 13px;">https://vimeo.com/184717184, retrieved September 20, 2017.</span></span></div>
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<br />Dr. Viki Sonstegardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11802292306245900882noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4900135980218613100.post-75120313986035863222017-05-08T12:36:00.000-07:002017-05-08T12:36:47.139-07:00Ethel Magafan: American Muralist and Painter of Abstract Western Landscapes<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvQLmyudwiP3245ewSh42IK0Epxn84QDirXex6ACFAmmGirZvrXnXzw6W9jfJvbcOMKrMcIa7U4ZDIR91nFiI4pi33uUsseSctNgCach9rTbqvXT2G3n-DLaAzal_mPfFhxCuG0U59Btcz/s1600/Jenne+and+Ethel.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="color: black;"><img border="0" height="226" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvQLmyudwiP3245ewSh42IK0Epxn84QDirXex6ACFAmmGirZvrXnXzw6W9jfJvbcOMKrMcIa7U4ZDIR91nFiI4pi33uUsseSctNgCach9rTbqvXT2G3n-DLaAzal_mPfFhxCuG0U59Btcz/s400/Jenne+and+Ethel.png" width="400" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Jenne (left) and Ethel (right) Magafan<br />ca. n.d.</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Ethel Magafan and her sister Jenne were identical twins, born in Chicago, Illinois in 1915 to Petros Magafan, a Greek immigrant father and Julia (Bronick) their Polish mother. Due to their father's health concerns, the family moved to Colorado, where the landscape reminded Petros of his native village in Greece. The family lived in Colorado Springs and then in Denver from 1931-1934. The twins both wanted to become artists and were supported by both teachers and family members. Unfortunately, Petros died suddenly in 1932, a tragic loss for both of the girls. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">The twins attended East High School in Denver, where they found a mentor in their art teacher Helen Perry. She had studied at the Art Institute of Chicago and her background made her uniquely qualified to help the girls in their pursuit of an art career.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"> In 1936, Jenne won the Carter Memorial Art Scholarship and shared it with her sister so that they both could attend the Broadmoor Art Academy in Colorado Springs. Once they ran out of money, Mechau, now teaching there, hired them as assistants. Through their involvement at the Academy, the twins entered into careers as muralists, working at first with Mechau and then with Peppino Mangravite.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">From 1937 to 1943, Ethel was commissioned to paint her first of seven government sponsored murals. Located in the US Post Office in Auburn, Nebraska, this commission made Ethel (at age 26) the youngest artist in America to receive such an honor. Denver Art Museum director Donald J. Bear once commented that "[Ethel and Jenne's] study of local detail makes them appear as little Bruegels of ranch genre - natural and unforced."</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiy90mfGbuwyzUmrvfoQau9WMhOlxNKnEqKaWL7w-QJ7WlKp5yKI3qyisWaEQ7sJkp-SBiPtWPu4vJriZXi2Ic5opOn3sn-1HCbfVHTtLSWL7UHpObdrqtmWRs2Q6RCzYzt7D_XDdTY12kz/s1600/-Andrew_Jackson_at_the_Battle_of_New_Orleans%252C_January_8%252C_1814%252C-_mural_by_Ethel_Magafan%252C_at_the_Recorder_of_Deeds_building%252C_built_in_1943._515_D_St.%252C_NW%252C_Washington%252C_D.C_LCCN2010641713.tif.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="color: black;"><img border="0" height="232" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiy90mfGbuwyzUmrvfoQau9WMhOlxNKnEqKaWL7w-QJ7WlKp5yKI3qyisWaEQ7sJkp-SBiPtWPu4vJriZXi2Ic5opOn3sn-1HCbfVHTtLSWL7UHpObdrqtmWRs2Q6RCzYzt7D_XDdTY12kz/s640/-Andrew_Jackson_at_the_Battle_of_New_Orleans%252C_January_8%252C_1814%252C-_mural_by_Ethel_Magafan%252C_at_the_Recorder_of_Deeds_building%252C_built_in_1943._515_D_St.%252C_NW%252C_Washington%252C_D.C_LCCN2010641713.tif.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; text-align: start;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>Ethel Magafan</b><br /><i>Andrew Jackson at the Battle of New Orleans, January 8, 1814</i><br />ca. </span></span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: x-small; text-align: start;">1943<br />Mural<br />Recorder of Deeds Building, Washington, D.C.</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Other New Deal Works Progress Adminstration (WPA) murals included the US Senate Chamber, the Recorder Deeds Building, and the Social Security Building in Washington, D.C. which Ethel painted with her sister. One of her earliest submissions to the Treasury Department Section of Fine Arts was a study of The Lawrence Massacre for the Post Office of Fort Scott, Kansas. The subject was a tragic event in the town but was not accepted as a design at the time. Magafan realized that she needed to work with government bureaucracy in order to have her ideas accepted and focused her subjects on local agriculture and industry. She included subtle references that pushed against the limitations of subject matter in her work such as including Black workers depicted in a noble light during a period of segregation in the South for a mural in the Wynne Post Office in Arkansas.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmN89NXnsVz9icAfYexuMZt00Jcf-Jwv74Cu0jfmOph33kwu0lpVHSZtiE8pK_7utY5SN8nJObx6fr4xiy8Q3C3ddo8uInlvUVx_i1hymlajg-CvrDxz61PXp_fWu0I530wtw6z6uyPBBm/s1600/Ethel-MAGAFAN-Cotton-Pickers.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="color: black;"><img border="0" height="219" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmN89NXnsVz9icAfYexuMZt00Jcf-Jwv74Cu0jfmOph33kwu0lpVHSZtiE8pK_7utY5SN8nJObx6fr4xiy8Q3C3ddo8uInlvUVx_i1hymlajg-CvrDxz61PXp_fWu0I530wtw6z6uyPBBm/s640/Ethel-MAGAFAN-Cotton-Pickers.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Ethel Magafan</b><br /><i>The Cotton Pickers</i><br />ca. 1940<br />Oil on Canvas<br />Post Office, Wynne, Arkansas</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">During the World War II era, the sisters would frequently drive across the country together in their station wagon to research and complete art assignments. They were thrifty as they saved gas coupons and used re-treaded tires in order to secure their work.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEju4QGJ2m9DcWi1xm9lhHyvuec1VZe16aV1keHKZqaXaR8QSHms2HqDkBwQKikcU86YIYL7_FA8oYLaNvkFQtvlYCyZUnveW00CgP0UINdhzvi2ZG7HLokjcHKnEYnbv1M6pwaQfeh5mb56/s1600/magafan2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="color: black;"><img border="0" height="254" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEju4QGJ2m9DcWi1xm9lhHyvuec1VZe16aV1keHKZqaXaR8QSHms2HqDkBwQKikcU86YIYL7_FA8oYLaNvkFQtvlYCyZUnveW00CgP0UINdhzvi2ZG7HLokjcHKnEYnbv1M6pwaQfeh5mb56/s320/magafan2.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Ethel Magafan at Palisades Reservoir, Minidoka Project, Idaho.</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">As mural painting commissions diminished, Ethel began to do more easel painting for which she used a palette knife and tempera paints to great effect. Ethel earned her first solo exhibition in 1940 at the Gallery of Contemporary Art in New York. She and her sister collaborated to create seven joint exhibits during the course of their careers. While working together, yet maintaining their own artistic styles, the sisters were able to avoid the competitive nature of business and respect each other's abilities.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhug47DpYbmyhkGetqIU2vbbSV94ho4_yhe1hbiV3aGcPnxmp4KUTbu5HRoL2MC3haRviF4tWGsSL0GY6pELINGUxU1Qbh8RtxEHUSsSVz2Dvj57Zyrbc9g4XC3zboLt1RMro8iZpOpy0rv/s1600/Fitzpatrick-Magafan-Currie-web-vers.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="color: black;"><img border="0" height="195" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhug47DpYbmyhkGetqIU2vbbSV94ho4_yhe1hbiV3aGcPnxmp4KUTbu5HRoL2MC3haRviF4tWGsSL0GY6pELINGUxU1Qbh8RtxEHUSsSVz2Dvj57Zyrbc9g4XC3zboLt1RMro8iZpOpy0rv/s320/Fitzpatrick-Magafan-Currie-web-vers.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;">Phil Fitzpatrick, Ethel Magafan, Bruce Currie, Cecile Forman. <br />Photograph by Adrian Siegel. <br />Courtesy of WAAM Archives.</span></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">After living in Los Angeles, California for five years and briefly in Wyoming, the twins relocated to the art colony at Woodstock, New York in 1945, where the sisters lived and worked apart for the first time. Ethel began working in a style that evolved from the literal to the semi abstract and from figurative studies to landscapes. She met fellow artist Bruce Currie at an artist's party, and the two were married in 1946.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbpC4rzaXpUtYn34bcdwLBq-mqOA7MOw8fnGkibftv3tVcSG9GwK24s4nLsYX2wu-xEDa4ZoCNht3UI_cO9t8sifCRJYOl9z_nbgQxM8wrugOb-Oeu5uynMJZMGR3Wx2VL9WLmDBj7e-TH/s1600/Corralled+Horse.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="color: black;"><img border="0" height="233" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbpC4rzaXpUtYn34bcdwLBq-mqOA7MOw8fnGkibftv3tVcSG9GwK24s4nLsYX2wu-xEDa4ZoCNht3UI_cO9t8sifCRJYOl9z_nbgQxM8wrugOb-Oeu5uynMJZMGR3Wx2VL9WLmDBj7e-TH/s320/Corralled+Horse.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Ethel Magafan<br />Corralled Horse<br />ca. 1947<br />Etching, pencil signed and titled, lower margin<br />10 x 14 inches</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Both sisters were awarded Fullbright Scholarships and Tiffany Foundation Awards which allowed Ethel to go to Greece and Jenne to Italy.</span><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">In 1952, almost immediately upon their return to the U.S., Jenne died suddenly of a cerebral hemorrhage, a loss that Ethel would mourn deeply. With her sister gone, her landscapes became much more abstract, as she sought out the feeling of the scene rather than an exact representation. She ignored the rules for color and explored simplicity and open space in her work.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikw-lq958Kr4FTrGZDgNx8d1dOj5QXJrGbZ4PJ77vGPiBKorrQbfkhA6oiyFMYNfDcjtTc8THhb-RYyfa4cndd_A0LaCZoeoGkLfnWB4a3Oq6w3CLcUFfmTzVaTJjr-_MjKsvCHSiOtD0I/s1600/Canyon+Cascade.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikw-lq958Kr4FTrGZDgNx8d1dOj5QXJrGbZ4PJ77vGPiBKorrQbfkhA6oiyFMYNfDcjtTc8THhb-RYyfa4cndd_A0LaCZoeoGkLfnWB4a3Oq6w3CLcUFfmTzVaTJjr-_MjKsvCHSiOtD0I/s320/Canyon+Cascade.jpg" width="158" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Ethel Magafan</b><br /><i>Canyon Cascade</i><br />Tempera on canvas<br /><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit;">96.5 inches high</span><span class="Measurement-style__divider__3wY6t" style="box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px 5px;">x</span></span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit;">48.5 inches wide</span></span></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 16px;">In 1956, Ethel gave birth to a daughter, Jenne Magafan Currie, named after her sister. </span><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">During the mid-fifties, Ethel began to make annual trips to Colorado to sketch and find inspiration. She was elected an Academician of the National Academy of Design in 1968 and taught art throughout the 1970s at both the University of Georgia and Syracuse University in New York. Her stature within the art world was solidified in 1971 when the United States Department of Interior requested that Ethel tour and draw sketches throughout the Western U.S. These sketches were later exhibited at the National Gallery in Washington and then sent on a national tour by the Smithsonian Institution.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Ethel's last mural "Grant in the Wilderness" was installed at the Chancellorsville Visitor's Center at the Fredericksburg National Military Park, Virginia, in 1979. From 1962 until her death in 1993, she had an impressive 19 solo gallery shows. Ethel Magafan died at her home in Woodstock from a series of strokes in 1993. In a later Woodstock Times interview, her husband stated "if there was one word for Ethel, it would be warmth, because there was never a person or an animal with a broken wing or broken heart she didn't try to help."</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCzzw3Fc7maxV0fVV466X-Hl8qRN9Nv54HbUtp8Ixg_kq3zBJNbCBvJNrxqKi4Zh05drx8wbBg8XSMGRQx5JFbx0btsS2mLRBvP9LhNJIMFIEfJqKBnMBxiGPjT2EYWiHftcW6W_ZAa_Sd/s1600/gibsonDam.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="198" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCzzw3Fc7maxV0fVV466X-Hl8qRN9Nv54HbUtp8Ixg_kq3zBJNbCBvJNrxqKi4Zh05drx8wbBg8XSMGRQx5JFbx0btsS2mLRBvP9LhNJIMFIEfJqKBnMBxiGPjT2EYWiHftcW6W_ZAa_Sd/s400/gibsonDam.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Ethel Magafan<br />Gibson Dam on the Sun River Project, Montana<br />ca. n.d.<br />27 x 53 inches</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">Ethel Magafan was a member of the American Watercolor Society, Audubon Artists Incorporated, the National Academy of Design, Woodstock Artists Association and the WPA/Federal Arts Project.</span><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">The recipient of a number of awards including the Fullbright Grant, Tiffany Fellowship, Hallmark and Ranger Awards, Purchase and Altman Prize, the Audubon Artists Medal of Honor and the Childe Hassam Purchase Award. </span><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">Her work is included, but not limited to collections in the Denver Art Museum, Metropolitan Museum of Art, NY, Museum of Modern Art, NY, National Museum of American Art, Washington, D.C., Oklahoma Museum of Art, and the United States Department of the Interior. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Sources_______________________________________________________________________-</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;">An Encyclopedia of Women Artists of the American West, Phil Kovinick and Marian Yoshiki-Kovinick, University of Texas Press: Austin, 1998, p. 199-200. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;">Sullivan Goss, An American Gallery, Ethel Magafan (1916-1993), Alish Patrick, http://www.sullivangoss.com/ethel_Magafan/, retrieved May 8, 2017.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">David Cook Galleries, Ethel Magafan </span><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">Ethel Magafan (1916- 1993) </span><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">http://davidcookgalleries.com/artist/ethel-magafan, retrieved May 8, 2017.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">Ask Art, Ethel (Currie) Magafan, </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;">http://www.askart.com/artist/Ethel_Currie_Magafan/20672/Ethel_Currie_Magafan.aspx, retrieved May 8, 2017.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;">New York Times Obituaries, Ethel Magafan, Dead, Published April 29, 1993, </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;">http://www.nytimes.com/1993/04/29/obituaries/ethel-magafan-dead-landscape-painter-76.html, retrieved May 8, 2017.</span></span></div>
Dr. Viki Sonstegardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11802292306245900882noreply@blogger.com0